The last decade has witnessed a conspicuous alteration in
policies protecting unemployed people in modern welfare states.
Social policies are increasingly designed to encourage economic
independence. Policy makers have introduced a wide range of reforms
linking disability, unemployment, and welfare programs cash
benefits to work-oriented measures. Welfare policies are being
framed by a new emphasis on recipients' obligations, emphasizing
that the receipt of benefits creates a responsibility to take
action towards becoming self-reliant. The objective is to minimize
the duration of dependence or improve the well-being of family or
community. Activating the Unemployed addresses this growing
interest in work-oriented measures. This represents a shift in the
dominant discourse on social welfare from focus on the citizen's
rights to social benefits to emphasis on their responsibilities to
work and lead an active life. In this volume, a distinguished array
of international contributors provide cross-cultural perspectives
to analyze recent diverse policy initiatives to activate the
unemployed in nine countries-Britain, France, Italy, the
Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the
United States. Each provides a systematic account of the
background, design, implementation, and results of
employment-oriented measures. Collectively they permit comparison
of organized responses to common problems in the areas of public
assistance (welfare), unemployment, and disability, among others.
Further chapters seek to broaden perspectives on policy options,
the issues raised, and lessons learned in the course of activating
the unemployed. This thorough and insightful account addresses
significant contemporary issues and concerns about welfare, social
security, and unemployment. It will aid policy makers,
professionals, and scholars in assessing current trends in welfare
in various countries throughout the world. Neil Gilbert is Chernin
Professor of Social Services and Social Welfare at the University
of California, Berkeley, and Director of the Center for Comparative
Study of Family Welfare and Poverty Research. Dr. Gilbert served as
a Senior Research Fellow for the United Nations Research Institute
for Social Development in Geneva and was twice awarded Fulbright
Fellowships to study European social policy. His numerous
publications include 22 books and 100 articles that have appeared
in the Wall Street Journal, The Public Interest, Society,
Commentary, and other leading academic journals. Rebecca Van
Voorhis is Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and
Social Work at the State University of California, Hayward.
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