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The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism (Paperback, New edition)
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The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism (Paperback, New edition)
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At the end of World War II, Argentina was the most industrialized
nation in Latin America, with a highly urbanized, literate, and
pluralistic society. But over the past four decades, the country
has suffered political and economic crises of increasing intensity
that have stalled industrial growth, sharpened class conflict, and
led to long periods of military rule. In this book, Paul Lewis
attempts to explain how that happened.
Lewis begins by describing the early development of Argentine
industry, from just before the turn of the century to the eve of
Juan Peron's rise to power after World War II. He discusses the
emergence of the new industrialists and urban workers and
delineates the relationships between those classes and the
traditional agrarian elites who controlled the state.
Under Peron, the country shifted from an essentially liberal
strategy of development to a more corporatist approach. Whereas
most writers view Peron as a pragmatist, if not opportunist, Lewis
treats him as an ideologue whose views remained consistent
throughout his career, and he holds Peron, along with his military
colleagues, chiefly responsible for ending the evolution of
Argentina's economy toward dynamic capitalism.
Lewis describes the political stalemate between Peronists and
anti-Peronists from 1955 to 1987 and shows how the failure of
post-Peron governments to incorporate the trade union movement into
the political and economic mainstream resulted in political
polarization, economic stagnation, and a growing level of violence.
He then recounts Peron's triumphal return to power and the
subsequent inability of his government to restore order and
economic vigor through a return to corporatist measures. Finally,
Lewis examines the equally disappointing failures of the succeeding
military regime under General Videla and the restoration of
democracy under President Raul Alfonsin to revive the free market.
By focusing on the organization, development, and political
activities of pressure groups rather than on parties or
governmental institutions, Lewis gets to the root causes of
Argentina's instability and decline--what he calls "the politics of
political stagnation." At the same time, he provides important
information about Argentina's entrepreneurial classes and their
relation to labor, government, the military, and foreign capital.
The book is unique in the wealth of its detail and the depth of its
analysis.
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