To veteran travelers of the American Southwest, the name Chaco
Canyon invokes an inaccessible, vast land of tremendous vistas and
huge, empty stone houses. Today, the Canyon appears as a barren
land and most visitors are struck by its apparent inhospitable
nature. Yet almost 1000 years ago, during the Medieval period,
Chaco Canyon was the hub of a flourishing Pueblo Indian society,
with 12 multi-story great houses built of stone and wood, a dozen
great kivas (large, subterranean ceremonial structures), and
hundreds of smaller habitation sites, pueblos along the
intermittent drainage known today as Chaco Wash. This society
peaked in the year AD 1100, when more than 150 Chacoan towns, in
addition to the 12 great houses in Chaco Canyon, and perhaps 30,000
people across the greater San Juan Basin of the southwestern United
States were affiliated with Chaco. This landmass, which extends
across portions of the four modern states of New Mexico, Arizona,
Utah, and Colorado, is roughly equal in size to the country of
Ireland.
Chacoan society endured for more than 200 hundred years,
evolving and changing in the period from AD 950 to about 1150. The
peak of Chacoan society can be more narrowly dated from AD 1020 to
1130. Undoubtedly, many leaders came and went during these hundred
years. But, we have no written records to name these leaders.
Unlike the history of other continents, in the Americas, the
absence of written aboriginal languages means that written
chronologies of the events, processes, and lives of people do not
exist. This simple fact makes reconstruction and understanding of
America's pre-European past very challenging. The archaeological
record does speak to us. Thematic chapters guide readers to the
emergence of Chacoan society, its cultural and environmental
settings, and the Pueblo people. Other chapters detail what is
known of Chacoan society c. 1100, how it was settled, and where its
people probably dispersed to. Also, given the nature of the topic,
information about the discovery and investigations of Chacoan
society by Europeans and Americans is provided. An annotated
timeline provides easy reference to key dates and events.
Biographical sketches offer a look at the people who have formed
our thoughts about and approaches to Chacoan society, and twenty
annotated excerpted primary and secondary documents walk readers
through Canyon related material. A glossary of terms is provided,
as are illustrations and maps. The work concludes with recommended
sources for further inquiry, websites, video, and print.
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