During the past ten years, evidence has developed to indicate that
seawater convects through oceanic crust driven by heat derived from
creation of lithosphere at the Earth-encircling oceanic ridge-rift
system of seafloor spreading centers. This has stimulated multiple
lines of research with profound implications for the earth and life
sciences. The lines of research comprise the role of hydrothermal
convection at seafloor spreading centers in the Earth's thermal
regime by cooling of newly formed litho sphere (oceanic crust and
upper mantle); in global geochemical cycles and mass balances of
certain elements by chemical exchange between circulating seawater
and basaltic rocks of oceanic crust; in the concentration of
metallic mineral deposits by ore-forming processes; and in
adaptation of biological communities based on a previously
unrecognized form of chemosynthesis. The first work shop devoted to
interdisciplinary consideration of this field was organized by a
committee consisting of the co-editors of this volume under the
auspices of a NATO Advanced Research Institute (ARI) held 5-8 April
1982 at the Department of Earth Sciences of Cambridge University in
England. This volume is a product of that workshop. The papers were
written by members of a pioneering research community of marine
geologists, geophysicists, geochemists and biologists whose work is
at the stage of initial description and interpretation of
hydrothermal and associated phenomena at seafloor spreading
centers.
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