Over the centuries, observances of Muharram, the first month of
the Islamic calendar, have traveled far from their origins at
Karbala--a windswept desert plain that is now a town in present-day
Iraq--where, according to tradition, Hussein, the beloved grandson
of Prophet Muhammad, was brutally put to death together with
seventy-two of his male companions on the tenth day of the month.
For this reason, Muharram is synonymous with both the first month
and the tenth day. Hussein's passion and death are considered the
ultimate example of sacrifice for Shia Muslims and scores of
rituals devoted to Muharram have developed during the last thirteen
centuries, especially in Iran where Twelver Shi'ism became the
state religion in the sixteenth century.
As Peter Chelkowski describes in "Eternal Performance," many of
these rituals were exported to other lands over time. They crossed
boundaries and cultures from Iran and Iraq to Lebanon, the Indian
subcontinent, North America, and the Caribbean. Yet all Muharram
rituals, no matter where or how they are performed, have their
origins in Karbala. The transformation and transmission of these
observances to their present-day forms around the world are the
result of the intersection of multiple races, religions, and
artistic traditions. "Eternal Performance" explores the social,
political, cultural, artistic, and religious significance of
Muharram rituals for millions of global observers.
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