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The Luck of the Draw - The Role of Lotteries in Decision Making (Hardcover, New)
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The Luck of the Draw - The Role of Lotteries in Decision Making (Hardcover, New)
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A prominent scholar once noted that lotteries in politics and
society-to break vote ties, assign students to schools, draft
people into the military, select juries-are "at first thought
absurd, and at second thought obvious." Lotteries have been part of
politics since the Greek and Roman times, and they are used
frequently in American politics today. When there is a two-to-two
vote tie for prospective school board members, officials will often
resort to flipping a coin (as happened recently in California). And
in military drafts, the conventional wisdom is that random
selection is far more just than non-lottery drafts. Northerners
rioted against the perceived injustice of the non-random draft
during the Civil War, and Americans by and large believed that
student deferments subverted the justice of the draft during the
Vietnam War. Over the years, people who study and practice politics
have devoted considerable effort to thinking about the legitimacy
of lotteries and whether they are just or not under certain
circumstances. Yet they have really only focused on lotteries on a
case-by-case basis, and no one has ever developed a substantial and
comprehensive political theory of lotteries. In The Luck of the
Draw, Peter Stone does just that. Examining the wide range of
arguments for and against lotteries, Stone comes to the startling
conclusion that lotteries have only one crucial effect relevant to
decision-making: they have the "sanitizing effect" of preventing
decisions from being made on the basis of reasons. Stone readily
admits that this rationale might sound absurd to us, but contends
that in many instances it is vital for people to make decisions
without any reasoned rationale to compel them. Sometimes, justice
can only be carried out through random selection-a fundamental
principle of the practice of lottery that Stone comes to call "The
Just Lottery Rule." By developing innovative ways for interpreting
this pervasive form of political practice, Stone provides us with a
foundation for understanding how to best make use of lottery when
making political decisions both large and small.
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