The small site of Aphrodite s Kephali, among several other Minoan
and later sites, took advantage of the valley topography in the
Isthmus of Ierapetra in eastern Crete by establishing themselves
along the nearby hills, resulting in easy access to the natural
trade route between the Aegean and the Libyan Seas. A discussion of
the architecture, artifacts, and ecofacts are presented from the
excavation of this Early Minoan I watchtower. The conclusions
challenge some of the commonly held views about Crete in the third
millennium B.C. It is suggested that rather than being a precursor
to a socially complex state that would arise later, early polities
involving several communities probably already existed in the
isthmus during the EM I period. Social and economic differentiation
existed on a regional, not just a local level, and decisions for
mutual defense could involve collaboration by groups of workers,
including the building of the watchtower that is the focus of this
volume."
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