The book analyses the evolution of research and innovation policies
in the world's leading countries. The last decade has witnessed a
radical transformation of the landscape shaped after World War II,
as described in the seminal collection edited by Richard Nelson in
the early 1990s. Even though national systems have inherited
different institutional arrangements and trajectories, analyses
show three major converging trends in their public policies. There
has been a retraction from support to large firms and programmes
and a shift toward small to medium enterprises and the innovation
infrastructure; the focus on public research and training
capabilities is growing; and there has been a redesign of public
intervention with the growing role of regions and states on one
hand and multinational authorities on the other, particularly in
the European Union. The authors, all leading scholars in innovation
research, provide thorough analytical descriptions of the national
innovation system in their country and set that system in
historical perspective. Each chapter is written so the reader can
easily make comparisons between countries and regions. Six major
issues are identified and addressed in each chapter: * the dynamics
of universities and their relations with the economy * the evolving
role of defence R&D and other large public programmes * the
growth of technology policies and the innovative capabilities of
SMEs * the changing rationale for government laboratories * the
growing role of regions in fostering innovation * the capability of
government to adapt to rapid changes in innovation systems. This
essential book will be of interest to scholars and students of
science, technology and innovation policy, management,
institutional economics and managers of research and innovation
policies at a national and local level.
General
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