The Psalms have long served a vital role in the individual and
corporate lives of Christians, expressing the full range of human
emotions, including some that we are ashamed to admit. The Psalms
reverberate with joy, groan in pain, whimper with sadness, grumble
in disappointment, and rage with anger. The church fathers employed
the Psalms widely. In liturgy they used them both as hymns and as
Scripture readings. Within them they found pointers to Jesus both
as Son of God and as Messiah. They also employed the Psalms widely
as support for other New Testament teachings, as counsel on morals,
and as forms for prayer. Especially noteworthy was their use of
Psalms in the great doctrinal controversies. The Psalms were used
to oppose subordinationism, modalism, Arianism, Apollinarianism,
Nestorianism, Eutychianism, and Monophysitism, among others. More
than fifty church fathers are cited in the Ancient Christian
Commentary on Scripture volume from Ambrose to Zephyrinus. From the
British Isles, Gaul, and the Iberian Peninsula, we find Hilary of
Poitiers, Prudentius, John Cassian, Valerian of Cimiez, Salvian the
Presbyter, Caesarius of Arles, Martin of Bruga, Braulio of
Saragossa, and Bede. From Rome and Italy, we find Clement, Justin
Martyr, Callistus, Hippolytus, Novatian, Rufinus, Maximus of Turin,
Peter Chrysologus, Leo the Great, Cassiodorus, and Gregory the
Great. Carthage and North Africa are represented by Tertullian,
Cyprian, Augustine, and Fulgentius. Fathers from Alexandria and
Egypt include Clement, Origen, Dionysius, Pachomius, Athanasius,
Cyril, and Poemen. Constantinople and Asia Minor supply the Great
Cappadocians-Basil the Great and the two Gregorys, from Nazianzus
and Nyssa-plus Evagrius of Pontus and Nicetas of Remesiana. From
Antioch and Syria we find Ephrem, John Chrysostom, Theodore of
Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyr, Philoxenus of Mabbug, Sahdona, and
John of Damascus. Finally, Jerusalem, Palestine and Mesopotamia are
represented by Eusebius of Caesarea, Aphrahat, Cyril, Jacob of
Sarug, Jerome, and Isaac of Nineveh. Readers of these selections,
some of which appear here for the first time in English, will glean
from a rich treasury of deep devotion and profound theological
reflection.
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