This book is the first to provide a critical history of analytic
philosophy from its inception in the late nineteenth century to the
present day. Quentin Smith focuses on the connections between the
four leading movements in analytic philosophy -- logical realism,
logical positivism, ordinary language analysis, and linguistic
essentialism -- and corresponding twentieth-century theories of
ethics and of religion. Through a critical evaluation of each
school's theoretical positions, Smith counters the widespread view
of analytic philosophy as indifferent to important questions about
fight and wrong and human meaning. He argues that analytic
philosophy throughout its history has revolved around the central
issues of existence, and he offers a new ethics and philosophy of
religion.
The author develops a positive ethical theory based on a method
of ethics first formulated by Robert Adams. Smith's theory belongs
to the tradition of perfectionism or self-realization ethics and
builds on Thomas Hurka's recent theory of perfectionism. In his
consideration of philosophy of religion, Smith concludes that there
is a sound "logical argument from evil" that takes into account
Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense and undermines monotheism,
paving the way to a naturalistic pantheism.
"Smith's book is original not only in intent but frequently in
the detailed argument involved in evaluating the merits of the
philosophies of language and their implications for ethics and
philosophy of religion". -- John F. Post, Vanderbilt University
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