With globalization fast becoming an irreversible process, it is
necessary to pay increased attention to the implications for
environmental sustainability. Some commentators have uncritically
assumed that globalization would result in all-round prosperity
whereas the opposing view holds that in order to sustain growth and
consumption, a certain threshold level of per capita income should
be attained - the so-called environmental Kuznets curve (EKC)
argument. This argument implies that rapid economic growth in many
developing countries should be environmentally unsustainable.
"Environmental Sustainability" addresses this dichotomy and
articulates a notion of consumption sustainability that is both
universal and pertains to the indefinite future. Additionally, it
emphasizes the importance of addressing a broad spectrum of sources
of environmental degradation and relates this measure to an index
of economic achievement more complete than per capita income. The
EKC conclusion is examined and is demonstrated to be untenable, it
is argued that there is scope to permit developing countries to
target high rates of economic growth and that lowering rich
countries' consumption would be consistent with environmental
sustainability.
Jha and Murthy critique the Environmental Sustainability Index
(ESI), which has been proposed as a measure of the overall state of
the environment and advance an alternative methodology for
computing environmental sustainability. The authors empirically
substantiate the proposition that a certain type of development in
the presently high-income countries is primarily responsible for
global environmental degradation. Several policy conclusions for
globalenvironmental management are also advanced.
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