Years of Upheaval discusses 'Axial periods' in history; years that
witnessed such fundamental reversals in history as to make the
world turn upside down and inaugurate a new era. Raphael Israeli
sees the post-1989 period as such a period in Islam. He explores
events in the Islamic world since the end of the 1980s, and during
the 1990s and their aftermath, particularly following the Iranian
Islamic Revolution, the Rushdie Affair, and the death of Khumeini.
Israeli posits these events signalled a new age of Islamic violence
and fundamentalism. The period has seen the dissipation of state
borders and the rise of transnational and trans-territorial
movements, such as ISIS, that have been extraordinarily attractive
to young people in the Islamic world. The hopeful Arab Spring
(2010-2013) has been replaced by a threatening Islamic winter. A
number of major events shook the Muslim world on both the Asian and
the African continents as well as peripheral Islamic minorities in
Australia, Canada, and Latin America. Among them were the Islamic
Bomb and the rise of radical Islamic movements (notably Hamas and
Hezbollah) and the rift between Sunnites and Shiites. These and
other momentous events in the Islamic world occasioned the 'Arab
Spring' and produced unrest in a wide swath of the Muslim world.
Even more importantly, these were forming trends that are
characterizing the decades thereafter.
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