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Robert Greystones on Certainty and Skepticism - Selections from His Works (Hardcover)
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Robert Greystones on Certainty and Skepticism - Selections from His Works (Hardcover)
Series: Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi
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Robert Greystones on Certainty and Skepticism: Selections from His
Works is a continuation of the volume previously published by
Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi, Robert Greystones on the Freedom of
the Will: Selections from His Commentary on the Sentences (edited
by Mark Henninger, with Robert Andrews and Jennifer Ottman, 2017).
In the course of preparation of the first volume, startling
information arose concerning the nature and extent of Greystones'
skepticism. Following draft editions of a number of Greystones'
Sentences commentary questions, the most relevant five questions
were selected for editing and translation. Greystones is in the
tradition of Nicholas of Autrecourt, William Crathorn, Monachus
Niger (the Black Monk), Nicholas Aston, and John Went, but the
earliest of these figures. Building upon the 69th proposition of
the Condemnation of 1277, Greystones concludes that God's unlimited
power must lead to a radical skepticism about human knowledge. We
cannot be certain whether we are in this life or the afterlife, in
a body or not. We cannot be certain about the existence of any
external object. We have no certain knowledge of cause and effect,
the existence of substances, or of any contingent event. Like
Descartes, Greystones held that we can be certain about our own
existence (ego sum). But preempting Descartes' appeal to a
beneficent, non-deceptive God, Greystones says: God does not
deceive. But you deceive yourself if you insist on believing that
something exists when you know that it might not! You know that God
can intervene at any instant, and thus that you can never
completely trust your senses. Greystones' skepticism is strikingly
significant in light of the later historical development of
philosophy. Recent researchers on medieval skepticism such as
Henrik Lagerlund, Dominik Perler, and Jos e Luis Bermudez show no
awareness of Greystones. Indeed, Bermudez claims that "the
resources were not available in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries to entertain those ... skeptical worries that were
identified as distinctive of Cartesian skepticism." This edition of
Greystones should prompt not just a footnote to, but a re-writing
of, the history of philosophy.
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