Since the victory of 1949 revolution the incumbency of the Chinese
Communist Party has been characterized by an almost relentless
struggle to legitimize its monopoly on political power. During the
Mao era, attempts to derive legitimacy focused primarily on mass
participation in political affairs, a blend of Marxist and
nationalist ideology and the charismatic authority of Mao Zedong
which was reinforced by a widely propagated cult of personality.
The dramatic failure of the Cultural Revolution forced the post-Mao
leadership to discard these discredited paradigms of legitimacy and
move towards an almost exclusively performance based concept
founded on market economic reform.
Whilst this went some way towards resurrecting the popularity of
the CCP, the reforms during the 1980s spawned a number of unwelcome
but inevitable side effects such as official corruption, high
unemployment and significant socio-economic inequality. These (and
other) factors detracted from the party's legitimacy and culminated
ultimately in the 1989 demonstrations in Tiananmen Square and
throughout China. Since Tiananmen the party has sought to diversify
the basis of its legitimacy by adhering more closely to
constitutional procedures in decision making and to a certain
extent reinventing itself as a conservative nationalist party.
This probing study of post communist revolution Chinese politics
sets out to discover if there is a plausible alternative to the
electoral mode or if legitimacy is the exclusive domain of the
multi party system.
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