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Books > Computing & IT > Applications of computing > Artificial intelligence > Neural networks
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Democratization of Expertise - How Cognitive Systems Will Revolutionize Your Life (Paperback)
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Democratization of Expertise - How Cognitive Systems Will Revolutionize Your Life (Paperback)
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We create technology enabling us to do things never before possible
and it ultimately changes the way we live, work, play, and interact
with each other. Throughout human history, the democratization of
technology making a technology available to the masses, has brought
about sweeping cultural, social, political, and societal changes.
In the last half-century, the democratization of computers,
information, the Internet, and social media have revolutionized and
transformed our lives. We now stand at the beginning of a new era
sure to bring about waves of new revolutions, the cognitive systems
era. Until now, humans have done all of the thinking. However, our
lives are about to be infused with artificial entities capable of
performing high-level cognitive processing previously possible only
in the human mind. Systems capable of this kind of "synthetic
cognition" will achieve and surpass the level of human experts in
almost every field of endeavor. Far from replacing humans, these
cognitive systems will be our collaborators, teachers, confidants,
colleagues, and companions. The future will belong to those who can
better partner with these cognitive systems. Made available to the
average person via the Internet, handheld devices, and through
ordinary objects all around us, expertise will become democratized.
Everything will change when anyone has access to expertise in any
field and new things will be possible. The democratization of
expertise is the foundation on which our society's revolutions will
be built over the next half-century. This book discusses societal
and cultural revolutions throughout history brought about by the
adoption of new technology and gives brief histories of human
cognitive augmentation and artificial intelligence. In the coming
cognitive systems era, humans, by collaboratively partnering with
cognitive systems, will together achieve expert-level
performance-synthetic expertise-with humans performing some of the
cognitive processing and cognitive systems performing some. As the
capabilities of cognitive systems improve over time, the balance of
thinking will shift from being mostly human to mostly artificial.
This book introduces the Levels of Cognitive Augmentation to
describe this shift. Drawing from previous research in cognitive
systems and intelligent agent theory, the knowledge stores required
for expertise are identified in a Knowledge Level description of
expertise. This book introduces a new abstract level, called the
Expertise Level to describe the skills needed for expertise.
Combining the knowledge-level and expertise-level descriptions,
this book introduces the Model of Expertise. This book demonstrates
use of the Model of Expertise by presenting several synthetic
expert architectures: a synthetic teacher (Synthia), a synthetic
friend/therapist (Sy), a synthetic elderly companion (Lois), a
synthetic research companion (Synclair), and an automated
scientific hypothesis explorer (Ashe). This book is intended for
anyone interested in the fields of cognitive systems, cognitive
computing, cognitive augmentation, or artificial intelligence or
the impact of technologies from these fields on society. Anyone
doing research and development in the area of cognitive systems or
artificial intelligence will find this book particularly useful.
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