Patch antenna is implemented and analyzed using IE3D.Also bandwidth
enhancement and minimization techniques are discussed and explored
in detail. The patch antenna dimensions are calculated using design
equations. The antenna results show that without any modification,
it suffers from narrow bandwidth. The performance of same patch
antenna is analyzed by doing various variations in the parameters.
It is observed that with the increase in substrate height, the
resonant frequency reduces and the bandwidth of square patch
enhances. With the movement of feed location towards the edge of
patch, the input impedance increases for the square patch antenna.
With the increase in the relative permittivity of substrate, the
resonant frequency decreases. With utmost optimization, the
bandwidth enhancement of around 10% is achieved only. The patch
antenna bandwidth is enhanced using U slot and L probe feed. The L
probe feed is more effective for substrate heights around 0.1 o.
The patch antenna surface area is further minimized using
techniques: shorting wall and shorting pin."
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