SEVERINE DENEULIN, MATHIAS NEBEL AND NICHOLAS SAGOVSKY TRANSFORMING
UNJUST STRUCTURES The Capability Approach THE CAPABILITY APPROACH
Structural injustice has traditionally been the concern of two
major academic disciplines: economics and philosophy. The dominant
model of economics has long been that of neo-classical economics.
For neo-classical economists, human we- being is to be assessed by
the availability of disposable income or according to goods
consumed; it is measured by the levels of utility achieved in the
consumption of commodities. Social order is fashioned by the ways
consumers maximise their 1 well-being and enterprises maximise
their profits. A core assumption is that all 2 commodities are
commensurable: they can all be measured according to a single 3
numerical covering value, which is their price. Within this
neo-classical paradigm, justice is achieved when the utility level
of someone cannot be increased without 4 another person seeing his
or her utility level decrease. The dominant paradigm of
neo-classical economics was strongly challenged when development
and welfare economist Amartya Sen received the Nobel Prize for
Economics in 1998. His work offered an alternative to the
neo-classical evaluation of human well-being in the
utility/commodity space. The underlining philosophical intuition
behind Sen's work is that the standard of living lies in the living
and not in the consumption of commodities. In searching for an
alternative measure of human well-being, Sen devised his capability
approach."
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