Rwanda and Burundi are strikingly similar countries that underwent
democratization in the early 1990s. In both, resistance to
democratic reforms led to coups d'etat and presidential
assassinations. A conundrum arises in terms of what transpires
next. In Rwanda, total genocide was perpetrated by extremist Hutu
actors, including government officials, upon the country's Tutsi
and politically moderate Hutu populations. In Burundi the coup
d'etat failed and instead ushered in a lengthy period of civil war.
This divergence in outcome is puzzling given the similarity of
these two countries, and it is not adequately explained by studies
that address collective violence in each. This book utilizes an
integrative approach that facilitates the formation of an
explanation that more fully accounts for variation in the type of
collective violence that occurred in Rwanda and Burundi. Showing
that political actors - during periods of major institutional
change - do not all respond to or perceive reform in the exact same
manner or in a necessarily rational manner, this book makes an
important contribution to the literature on ethnic conflict,
collective violence and democratization in Africa.
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