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Crime in the Art and Antiquities World - Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property (Paperback, 2011 ed.)
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Crime in the Art and Antiquities World - Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property (Paperback, 2011 ed.)
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The theft, trafficking, and falsification of cultural property and
cultural heritage objects are crimes of a particularly complex
nature, which often have international ramifications and
significant economic consequences. Organized criminal groups of
various types and origins are involved in these illegal acts. The
book Crime in the Art and Antiquities World has contributions both
from researchers specializing in the illegal trafficking of art,
and representatives of international institutions involved with
prevention and detection of cultural property-related crimes, such
as Interpol and UNESCO. This work is a unique and useful reference
for scholars and private and public bodies alike. This innovative
volume also includes an Appendix of the existing legal texts, i.e.
international treaties, conventions, and resolutions, which have
not previously been available in a single volume. As anyone who has
undertaken research or study relating to the protection of cultural
heritage discovers one of the frustrations encountered is the
absence of ready access to the multi- various international
instruments which exist in the field. Since the end of the Second
World War these instruments have proliferated, first in response to
increasing recognition of the need for concerted multinational
action to give better protection to cultural property during armed
conflict as well as ensuring the repatriation of cultural property
looted during such conflict. Thus the international community
agreed in 1954 upon a Convention for the Protection of Cultural
Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. That Convention, typically
referred to as the Hague Convention of 1954, is now to be found
reproduced in the Appendix to this book (Appendix I) together with
25 other important and diverse documents that we believe represent
a core of the essential international sources of reference in this
subject area. In presenting these documents in one place we hope
that readers will now experience less frustration while having the
benefit of supplementing their understanding and interpretation of
the various instruments by referring to individual chapters in the
book dealing with a particular issue or topic. For example, Chapter
9 by Mathew Bogdanos provides some specific and at times rather
depressing descriptions of the application in the field of the
Hague Convention 1954, and its Protocols (Appendices II and III),
to the armed conflict in Iraq. Reference may also be had to the
resolution of the UN Security Council in May 2003 (Appendix VI)
urging Member States to take appropriate steps to facilitate the
safe return of looted Iraqi cultural property taken from the Iraq
National Museum, the National Library and other locations in Iraq.
Despite such pleas the international antiquities market seems to
have continued to trade such looted property in a largely
unfettered manner, as demonstrated by Neil Brodie in Chapter 7.
Fittingly, as referred to in the Preface to this book, the last
document contained in the Appendix (Appendix 26) is the "Charter of
Courmayeur", formulated at a ground breaking international workshop
on the protection of cultural property conducted by the
International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council (ISPAC)
to the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program
in Courmayeur, Italy, in June 1992. The Charter makes mention of
many of the instruments contained in the Appendix while also
foreshadowing many of the developments which have taken place in
the ensuing two decades designed to combat illicit trafficking in
cultural property through international collaboration and action in
the arena of crime prevention and criminal justice.
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