The narrator (the answer to the question “who speaks in the
text?”) is a commonly used notion in teaching literature and in
literary criticism, even though it is the object of an ongoing
debate in narrative theory. Do all fictional narratives have a
narrator, or only some of them? Can narratives thus be
“narratorless”? This question divides communicational theories
(based on the communication between real or fictional narrator and
narratee) and noncommunicational or poetic theories (which aim to
rehabilitate the function of the author as the creator of the
fictional narrative). Clarifying the notion of the narrator
requires a historical and epistemological approach focused on the
opposition between communicational theories of narrative in general
and noncommunicational or poetic theories of the fictional
narrative in particular. The Narrator offers an original and
critical synthesis of the problem of the narrator in the work of
narratologists and other theoreticians of narrative communication
from the French, Czech, German, and American traditions and in
representations of the noncommunicational theories of fictional
narrative. Sylvie Patron provides linguistic and pragmatic tools
for interrogating the concept of the narrator based on the idea
that fictional narrative has the power to signal, by specific
linguistic marks, that the reader must construct a narrator; when
these marks are missing, the reader is able to perceive other forms
and other narrative effects, specially sought after by certain
authors.
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