Scale insects feed on plant juices and can easily be transported to
new countries on live plants. They sometimes become invasive pests,
costing billions of dollars in damage to crops worldwide annually,
and farmers try to control them with toxic pesticides, risking
environmental damage. Fortunately, scale insects are highly
susceptible to control by natural enemies so biological control is
possible. They have unique genetic systems, unusual metamorphosis,
a broad spectrum of essential symbionts, and some are sources of
commercial products like red dyes, shellac and wax. There is,
therefore, wide interest in these unusual, destructive, beneficial,
and abundant insects. The Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests is the
most comprehensive work on worldwide scale insect pests, providing
detailed coverage of the most important species (230 species in 26
families, 36% of the scale insect pest species known). Advice is
provided on collection, preservation, slide-mounting, vouchering,
and labelling of specimens, fully illustrated with colour
photographs, diagrams and drawings. Pest species are presented in
two informal groups of families, the 'primitive' Archaeococcoids
followed by the more 'advanced' Neococcoids, covered in
phylogenetic order. Each family is illustrated and diagnosed based
on features of live and slide-mounted specimens, with information
on numbers of genera and species, main hosts, distribution, and
biology. For the important pest species, coverage includes
information on the morphology of live and slide-mounted specimens,
common names, principal synonyms, geographical distribution, plant
hosts, plant damage and economic impact, reproductive biology,
dispersal, and management strategies including biological, cultural
and chemical control, sterile insect techniques, regulatory
control, early warning systems and field monitoring. An additional
complete list of scale insect pests worldwide is provided,
comprising 642 species in 28 scale insect families (about 8% of the
8373 species of living scales known), with information on plant
hosts, geographical distribution and validation sources. Beneficial
uses of scale insects include sources of red dyes, natural resins
and waxes, and agents for invasive weed control, alongside the
importance of their honeydew to bees for making honey, and as a
food source to other animals. Academic researchers, students,
entomologists, pest management officials in agribusiness or
government including plant quarantine identifiers, extensionists,
farmers, field scientists and ecologists will all benefit from this
book.
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