Laser-driven proton beams are still in their infancy but already
have some outstanding attributes compared to those produced in
conventional accelerators. One such attribute is the typically low
beam emittance. This allows excellent resolution in imaging
applications like proton radiography. This thesis describes a novel
imaging technique - the proton streak camera - that the author
developed and first used to measure both the spatial and temporal
evolution of ultra-strong electrical fields in laser-driven
plasmas. Such investigations are of paramount importance for the
understanding of laser-plasma interactions and, thus, for
optimization of laser-driven particle acceleration. In particular,
the present work investigated micrometer-sized spherical targets
after laser irradiation. The confined geometry of plasmas and
fields was found to influence the kinetic energy and spatial
distribution of accelerated ions. This could be shown both in
experimental radiography images and and in numerical simulations,
one of which was selected for the cover page of Physical Review
Letters.
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