Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) obtained papal approval in 1540 for
a new international religious order called the Society of Jesus.
Until the mid-1700s the 'Jesuits' were active in many parts of
Europe and far beyond. Gaining both friends and enemies in response
to their work as teachers, scholars, writers, preachers,
missionaries and spiritual directors, the Jesuits were formally
suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773 and restored by Pope Pius
VII in 1814. The Society of Jesus then grew until the 1960s; it has
more recently experienced declining membership in Europe and North
America, but expansion in other parts of the world. This Companion
examines the religious and cultural significance of the Jesuits.
The first four sections treat the period prior to the Suppression,
while section five examines the Suppression and some of the
challenges and opportunities of the restored Society of Jesus up to
the present.
General
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