The current return to spiritual values has spawned a surge of
interest in the ancient goddess-based religions as a remedy to a
long tradition of misogyny in the Western religions.
But how accurate are these current representations of the goddess
in polytheism? And did Judeo-Christian religion really turn its
back on women? These are some of the questions that scholar and
feminist Tivka Frymer-Kensky sets out to answer in this
iconoclastic study of gender in religions past and present. Her
argument, illustrated with fascinating accounts of myth and ritual
dating back to the early days of Sumer, Assyria, and Greece, is
that although polytheism did accord females an important role, the
strict division between male and female actually served to keep
women in a subordinate position. The goddesses were progressively
"ghettoized": their sphere was eventually relegated to home and
hearth, while male gods took over as patrons of wisdom and
learning. This dualism was displaced by the Bible, which embraced a
surprisingly egalitarian view of human nature in which women were
not considered to be inherently inferior.
In a provocative work of biblical scholarship on gender and
sexuality, Frymer-Kensky shows that the ideal of monotheism may
offer far more to us today than a return to the gender-based
worldview of the goddess religions.
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