The Russian Federation on December 12, 1993, held its first
national election since the collapse of Soviet Communism. The
election, to a new, two-chamber parliament, was accompanied by a
constitutional referendum. It followed months of wrangling over
political and economic reform and a violent showdown in Moscow
between President Boris Yeltsin and his opponents. After a bitter
campaign in which the government frequently changed the rules of
the game, Russians narrowly endorsed Yeltsin's draft constitution,
but turned out in large numbers for nationalistic and socialistic
opposition parties, leaving Russia's Choice, the party favored by
the president, with a small minority of the seats. The contest,
with its deeply contradictory results, was a watershed in the
evolution of Russia's fledgling democracy. Growing Pains is a
detailed study of the 1993 election and of its implications for
Russian development and for the country's relations with the West.
Several chapters, relying on comprehensive surveys of the Russian
electorate, analyze the election process and how social structure
and citizen opinions shaped voter choice. Others examine the
campaigns of the major parties, the nature and consequences of
electoral rules, and the roles of the mass media. Still others
examine the campaign and its outcome at the grassroots in ten
regions of Russia, from the western provinces to the Pacific coast,
demonstrating the significance of local context and local elites
and power structures in Russia's transitional politics.
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