At What Point do we Become Canadian? Do we Ever Lose our Ethnic
identity completely? The Japanese-Canadian community is one of the
smallest ethnic communities in Canada. And yet its 66,000 members
form a visible minority. In 1988 the redress of injustices to
citizens interned during World War II marked the end of a long
fight that had united Japanese Canadians. The community has sensed
a weakening of ties ever since.
The Nisei, or second generation of Japanese Canadians who lived
through the war, have scattered across the nation. Their children,
the Sansei or third generation, have been fully integrated into
mainstream society. As Tomoko Makabe discovered in her interviews
with thirty-six men and twenty-eight women, the Sansei don't speak
Japanese, they don't marry Japanese Canadians, and they're pretty
much indifferent about being Japanese Canadian. Many are upwardly
mobile: they live in middle-class neighbourhoods, are well
educated, and work as professionals. It's easy to speculate that
the community will vanish with the fourth generation. But Makabe
has some reservations. Ethnic identity can be sustained in more
symbolic ways. With support and interest from the community at
large, aspects of the structures, institutions, and identities of
an ethnic group can become part of the dominant culture. In the
end, it may be non-Japanese Canadians who need this group and
encourage it to carry on its traditions.
The Canadian Sansei is as much a reflection on history, culture,
and identity in general as it is an account of third-generation
Japanese Canadians. Makabe's explorations cut a path to discovery
for every ethnic group in Canada and throughout the world.
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