This rapid visual screening procedure has been developed for use in
assessing risk of terrorist attack on standard commercial buildings
in urban or semi-urban areas, but it is also intended to be
applicable nationwide for all conventional building types. It can
be used to identify the level of risk for a single building, or the
relative risk among buildings in a portfolio, community, or region
as a prioritization tool for further risk management activities.
The information gathered as part of this screening procedure can
also be used to support and facilitate higher level assessments by
expert investigators performing building-specific evaluations of
threat, consequences, and vulnerability. Implementation of FEMA
452, Risk Assessment, A How-to Guide to Mitigate Potential
Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings, has demonstrated the need for
a preliminary procedure to assess the risk of terrorist attack that
is quick and simple to use. It has also shown that such a procedure
needs to be usable by screeners who are knowledgeable about
building systems, but not necessarily experts in anti-terrorism or
structural design. This will reserve the use of experts for higher
risk buildings requiring more detailed assessment when resources
are limited. In this document, the concepts for rapid visual
screening are combined with a risk-based procedure for manmade
threats defined in FEMA 426, Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential
Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings, and FEMA 452, Risk Assessment,
A How-to Guide to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against
Buildings, from the FEMA Risk Management Series of publications.
This handbook outlines a rapid visual screening procedure that
quantifies the risk to a building due to a terrorist attack that is
capable of causing catastrophic losses in terms of fatalities,
injuries, damage, or business interruption. The primary purpose of
this screening procedure is to prioritize the relative risk among a
group of buildings in a portfolio or community but it can also be
used to develop building-specific risk information. It is intended
to be the first step in a tiered assessment process that includes
successively more refined analyses when more detailed information
is needed. Three generic types of terrorist threat are considered
in this procedure. These include intrusion into the building, a
vehicle borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), and a chemical,
biological or radiological (CBR) release. Quantification of
relative risk is based on the methodology outlined in FEMA 426, in
which risk is characterized as the product of three factors:
consequences, threat, and vulnerability. In this rapid visual
screening procedure, these three factors are evaluated using a Data
Collection Form based on checklists and worksheets contained in
FEMA 426 and FEMA 452. To make the screening procedure rapid, the
assessment is limited to the most dominant features governing the
overall risk to a building given a terrorist attack. In this
procedure there is an emphasis on the vulnerability factor, due in
part to the relatively significant level of control that the owner
has with respect to this factor for a given building compared with
the other two factors: threat and consequences.
General
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