The need to assess the effects of variability in climate, biota,
geology, and human activities on water availability and flow
requires the development of models that couple two or more
components of the hydrologic cycle. An integrated hydrologic model
called GSFLOW (Ground-water and Surface-water FLOW) was developed
to simulate coupled ground-water and surface-water resources. The
new model is based on the integration of the U.S. Geological Survey
Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the U.S. Geological
Survey Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW). Additional model
components were developed, and existing components were modified,
to facilitate integration of the models. Methods were developed to
route flow among the PRMS Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) and
between the HRUs and the MODFLOW finite-difference cells. This
report describes the organization, concepts, design, and
mathematical formulation of all GSFLOW model components. An
important aspect of the integrated model design is its ability to
conserve water mass and to provide comprehensive water budgets for
a location of interest. This report includes descriptions of how
water budgets are calculated for the integrated model and for
individual model components. GSFLOW provides a robust modeling
system for simulating flow through the hydrologic cycle, while
allowing for future enhancements to incorporate other simulation
techniques.
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