The events taking place in several of South Mediterranean
countries since December 2010 show that multiple deprivations may
be powerful drivers of political instability. Though improvements
of the living conditions have been regularly principal demands
along with civil and political liberties in the demonstrations, one
of the main striking facts about this so-called Arab Spring is that
poverty had not been given the same emphasis in southern
Mediterranean countries during the last decades as in other areas
of the developing and emerging world.
Although the growing recognition that poverty is a
multidimensional concept, studies of poverty in South Mediterranean
countries have often been dominated by a monetary approach.
However, there is a growing evidence that it is suitable to go
beyond the money-metric measures of poverty and to supplement its
results with other approaches that adopt a broader definition of
well- being. Though poverty is only one of many causes of this Arab
Spring, we argue that it is a key feature to understand these
historic events and that it is necessary to draw a detailed picture
of poverty and social exclusion for each one of these countries.
Moreover, if the Union for the Mediterranean succeeds in fostering
economic cooperation within the Mediterranean area, the focus on
the population s well-being of its southern members will deserve
scrutiny in the next few years to understand the forces that will
drive the Euro-Mediterranean relationships, in particular for
migration issues.
This book brings together recent advances on the measurement of
poverty with empirical applications on South-Mediterranean
countries. It introduces new tools for analyzing poverty and shows
that the linkages between income and well-being are not
straightforward and hinge on many determinants. It shows that the
efficiency of poverty reducing policies should also be assessed on
the basis of the satisfaction of non-income needs like health,
education or participation in social life.
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