As a response to the Great Depression in 1931 Germany adopted a
policy of exchange control where the movement of foreign currency
was subject to government control. This regime served as a defense
measure against currency devaluation but it inhibbited
international payments among exchange control countries.Trade
between them was organized on the basis of bilateral clearing
agreements, which centralized both foreign trade and payments at
the state level. The book analyzes the clearing system in the case
of Germany's relations with Bulgaria, which developed the highest
trade dependence on Germany in the 1930s. An almost complete
opposition of free trade, bilateral clearing is seen as a mechanism
of political power maximization and resource allocation from the
periphery to its core. Using Jonathan Kirshner's framework of
monetary power the work offers a detailed analysis of the link
between international monetary relations and political power. The
shift of international trade regime from a Gold Standard and free
trade to exchange control and bilateral clearing provided an
opportunity for the German government to covertly finance its
expenditure in the 1930's and during WWII.
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