Streptococcus mutans has been identified as the major etiological
agent of dental caries. The evidence of a specific bacterial cause
of dental caries and of the function of the salivary glands as an
effector site of the mucosal immune system has provided a
scientific basis for the development of a vaccine against this
highly prevalent and costly oral disease. Research efforts towards
developing an effective and safe caries vaccine have been
facilitated by progress in molecular biology, with the cloning and
functional characterization of virulence factors from mutans
streptococci, the principal causative agent of dental caries.
Immunization when infants are about one year old may establish
effective immunity against an ensuing colonization attempts by
mutans streptococci. The present review critically evaluates recent
progress in this field of dental research and attempts to stress
the protective potential as well as limitations of caries
immunization.
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