The origin, migration and evolution of the Rapanui (Easter
Islanders), has been contested for many years. Archaeological,
linguistic and genetic/serological data have played instrumental
roles towards resolving these disputes thus far. Several models
have been developed which have addressed the origins of the
prehistoric population that colonized Rapa Nui (Easter Island),
with the results of these craniometric analyses compared to those
expected patterns of variation and relatedness. The results
indicate that the prehistoric Rapanui had the strongest affinities
with the Gambier Islands population. The east Polynesian data
exhibited patterns of biological variation indicative of the
microevolutionary processes of genetic drift and gene flow. This
research illustrated the utility of quantitative traits in
population genetic studies and should encourage the implementation
of model-bound methods of analysis for all investigations of
biological affinity when using skeletal samples to represent
prehistoric populations. The techniques used in this investigation
will have broad reaching applications in future Polynesian
bioanthropological research.
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