The terrorist attacks on the United States that occurred on
September 11 marked the end of an historical era known as the
post-Cold War period. During this time, the U.S. government
produced no clear media guidelines for dealing with world crises,
and media coverage increasingly came to be focused on domestic
conflicts rather than international ones. In the absence of a
clearly defined threat, no dominant media frame replaced the
time-worn Cold War in media reporting. Mass media has been
recognized as an important intermediary between the government and
the population. In this context, this study examines network
coverage of seven post-Cold War crises, ranging from Cuba to
Mexico, occurring in the Caribbean Basin between 1990 and 1996 to
evaluate the framing of these events by the various media covering
them.
In providing context for understanding these crises, this
examination reviews U.S. policy in each case and discovers a strong
correlation between the level of U.S. involvement in the crisis and
the amount of media attention generated. By appearing on the news
or not, the president along with key Cabinet members were able to
define whether an event constituted a crisis for the United States.
In instances where the media received little guidance from
Washington officials on the implications for the United States, the
media did attempt to provide explanations of events, however,
coverage tended to be minimal. Case studies include the recording
and coding of language used as positive, negative, and
neutral/ambiguous.
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