On the occasion of the 250th anniversary of Princeton
University, leading educators and commentators participated in a
symposium jointly sponsored by Princeton and The Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation. "Universities and Their Leadership" is a collection of
original essays from presenters at the Princeton Conference on
Higher Education. Individually, these essays discuss aspects of
contemporary higher education in the U.S. Taken together, they
offer a useful perspective on issues that face American
universities as they enter the twenty-first century.
The opening essay, "The University and Its Critics" by Frank
Rhodes, confronts criticisms of the American university, examines
how universities have changed over recent decades, and suggests a
plan of action to restore public confidence and strengthen bonds of
community within universities. "On the Accountability of Higher
Education in the United States," by Martin Trow, deals with the
critical issue of responsibility. Harold Shapiro's essay,
"University Presidents--Then and Now," blends personal insights
with a historical account of changes over time in the roles of
university presidents. In commenting on Shapiro's paper, Hanna Gray
draws on her experiences as a university president and her training
as a historian to demonstrate that university presidents have
always operated under constraints. Henry Rosovsky and Inge-Lise
Ameer collaborate in the essay "A Neglected Topic: Professional
Conduct of College and University Teachers," to which Amy Gutmann
responds in an essay entitled "How Can Universities Teach
Professional Ethics?" Oliver Fulton contributes a cross-cultural
perspective in "Unity or Fragmentation, Convergence or Diversity:
The Academic Profession in Comparative Perspective in the Era of
Mass Higher Education." Daniel J. Kevles's essay, "A Time for
Audacity: What the Past Has to Teach the Present about Science and
the Federal Government," considers the historical partnership
between the scientific community and the government. In reaction,
Frank Press in "New Policies for New Times" comments on the
shifting actions of major political parties in supporting research,
and Maxine Singer, in her essay "On the Future of America's
Scientific Enterprise," surveys opportunities and problems that
have been created by recent scientific advances.
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