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Convergence - five critical steps toward integrating lagging and leading areas in the Middle East and North Africa (Paperback)
Loot Price: R1,191
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Convergence - five critical steps toward integrating lagging and leading areas in the Middle East and North Africa (Paperback)
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Policymakers across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have
long tried to integrate their people spatially and economically.
Wishing to bring communities together and narrow economic gaps,
governments have made large capital investments in transport
corridors and "new cities." Hoping to provide jobs in places with
little economic activity, governments have designated new
industrial zones supported by spatially targeted business
incentives. Yet the results of these place-based initiatives in
MENA are limited. The disparities between capital cities and
lagging areas, and between richer and poorer quarters of cities,
remain stark. Across much of the region, a fortunate few are
connected to opportunity, while many more people are marginal to
the formal economy--or live outside it, seemingly forgotten. Why
have place-based spatial initiatives in MENA countries largely
underdelivered not yielding more sustainable jobs and growth? While
the challenges are many and vary across the region, this report
explains that many of these place-based policies get one thing
wrong: they attempt to treat inequity's spatial and physical
symptoms, not its causes. This report presents the five roots of
spatial inequity in institutional inefficiencies across MENA--urban
regulatory frictions, credentialist education systems, centralized
control over local public services, barriers to the spatial
mobility of goods and people, and barriers to market entry and
lop-sided business environments - within cities, within countries,
and across national borders. It proposes five transitional steps
toward enabling convergence informed by economic geography.
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