We investigate the optical properties of liquid crystal devices
whose dark states are optically compensated to give minimum
transmittance. Firstly, the effect of multiple internal reflections
on the extinction ratio of perfectly compensated liquid crystal
devices is studied. We find the previously unexplained wavelength
dependence of light leakage in an ideally compensated device is
caused by the interference of the internally reflected ordinary and
extraordinary waves. Secondly, we study the off-axis light
transmission characteristics of the bright state of common liquid
crystal displays including their luminance and color properties.
Our research shows there is an unexpected universal shape of the
off-axis light transmittance in its bright state, regardless of
what liquid crystal mode is used. Thirdly, we have studied the
off-axis light transmission properties of the bright state in
Pi-cell devices as a function of the white state director
configuration. Finally, we explore the phase compensation of the
dark states in LCDs, and find that there is a limitation for the
compensation of a uniaxial layer even in the most simple director
configuration.
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