The Occupy movement in Hong Kong was sustained for about 80 days
because of government tolerance, the presence of determined
participants, and a weak leadership. The government tolerated the
occupation because its initial use of force, in particular teargas,
was counterproductive and provoked large-scale participation.
Unlike other social movements, such as the 1989 Tiananmen movement,
the Occupy movement reached its peak of participation at the very
beginning, making it difficult to sustain the momentum. The
presence of determined participants who chose to stay until the
government responded was crucial to the sustaining of the movement.
These self-selected participants were caught in a dilemma between
fruitless occupation and reluctance to retreat without a success.
The movement lasted also because the weak leadership was unable to
force the government to concede or devise approaches for making a
"graceful exit." Consequently, site clearance became the common
choice of both the government and the protestors. This book
develops a new framework to explain the sustaining of decentralized
protest in the absence of strong movement organizations and
leadership. Sustained protests are worth research because they not
only reveal the broad social context in which the protests arise
and persist but also point out the dynamics of the escalation or
the decline of the protests. In addition, sustained protest may not
only lead to more dramatic action, but they also result in the
diffusion of protests or lead to significant policy changes.
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