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What explains the peculiar intensity and evident intractability of
the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Of all the ""hot spots"" in the
world today, the apparently endless clash between Jews and Arabs in
the Middle East seems unique in its longevity and resistance to
resolution. Is this conflict really different from other ethnic and
nationalist confrontations, and if so, in what way? In this fully
revised and expanded fifth edition of his highly respected
introductory text, Alan Dowty demystifies the conflict by putting
it in broad historical perspective, identifying its roots, and
tracing its evolution up to the current impasse. His account offers
a clear analytic framework for understanding transformations over
time, and in doing so, punctures the myths of an ""age-old""
conflict with an unbridgeable gap between the two sides. Rather
than simply reciting historical detail, this book presents a clear
overview that serves as a road map through the thicket of
conflicting claims. Updated to include recent developments, such as
the recent Israeli elections and the debate over the two-state
solution, the new edition presents in full the opposed perspectives
of the two sides, leaving readers to make their own evaluations of
the issues. The book thus expresses fairly and objectively the
concerns, hopes, fears, and passions of both sides, making it clear
why this conflict is waged with such vehemence - and how, for all
that, the gap between the two sides has narrowed over time.
In this book we hope to acquaint the reader with the fundamentals
of truth conditional model-theoretic semantics, and in particular
with a version of this developed by Richard Montague in a series of
papers published during the 1960's and early 1970's. In many ways
the paper 'The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary
English' (commonly abbreviated PTQ) represents the culmination of
Montague's efforts to apply the techniques developed within
mathematical logic to the semantics of natural languages, and
indeed it is the system outlined there that people generally have
in mind when they refer to "Montague Grammar." (We prefer the term
"Montague Semantics" inasmuch as a grammar, as conceived of in
current linguistics, would contain at least a phonological
component, a morphological component, and other subsystems which
are either lacking entirely or present only in a very rudi mentary
state in the PTQ system. ) Montague's work has attracted increasing
attention in recent years among linguists and philosophers since it
offers the hope that semantics can be characterized with the same
formal rigor and explicitness that transformational approaches have
brought to syntax. Whether this hope can be fully realized remains
to be seen, but it is clear nonetheless that Montague semantics has
already established itself as a productive para digm, leading to
new areas of inquiry and suggesting new ways of conceiving of
theories of natural language. Unfortunately, Montague's papers are
tersely written and very difficult to follow unless one has a
considerable background in logical semantics."
The most general goal of this book is to propose and illustrate a
program of research in word semantics that combines some of the
methodology and results in linguistic semantics, primarily that of
the generative semantics school, with the rigorously formalized
syntactic and semantic framework for the analysis of natural
languages developed by Richard Montague and his associates, a
framework in which truth and denotation with respect to a model are
taken as the fundamental semantic notions. I hope to show, both
from the linguist's and the philosopher's point of view, not only
why this synthesis can be undertaken but also why it will be useful
to pursue it. On the one hand, the linguists' decompositions of
word meanings into more primitive parts are by themselves
inherently incomplete, in that they deal only in distinctions in
meaning without providing an account of what mean ings really are.
Not only can these analyses be made complete by a model theoretic
semantics, but also such an account of these analyses renders them
more exact and more readily testable than they could ever be
otherwise."
When did the Arab-Israeli conflict begin? Some discussions focus on
the 1967 war, some go back to the creation of the state of Israel
in 1948, and others look to the beginning of the British Mandate in
1922. Alan Dowty, however, traces the earliest roots of the
conflict to the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, arguing that
this historical approach highlights constant clashes between
religious and ethnic groups in Palestine. He demonstrates that
existing Arab residents viewed new Jewish settlers as European and
shares evidence of overwhelming hostility to foreigners from
European lands. He shows that Jewish settlers had tremendous
incentive to minimize all obstacles to settlement, including the
inconvenient hostility of the existing population. Dowty's thorough
research reveals how events that occurred over 125 years ago shaped
the implacable conflict that dominates the Middle East today.
Disasters are the result of complex interactions between social
and natural forces, acting at multiple scales from the individual
and community to the organisational, national and international
level. Effective disaster planning, response and recovery require
an understanding of these interacting forces, and the role of
power, knowledge and organizations.
This book sheds new light on these dynamics, and gives disaster
scholars and practitioners new and valuable lessons for management
and planning in practice. The authors draw on methods across the
social sciences to examine disaster response and recovery as viewed
by those in positions of authority and the 'recipients' of
operations. These first two sections examine cases from Hurricane
Katrina, while the third part compares this to other international
disasters to draw out general lessons and practical applications
for disaster planning in any context. The authors also offer
guidance for shaping institutional structures to better meet the
needs of communities and residents.
How did a community of a few thousand Jewish refugees become, in
little over a century, a modern nation-state and homeland of half
the world's Jews? Has modern Israel fulfilled the Zionist vision of
becoming "a nation like other nations," or is it still, in Biblical
terns, "a people that dwells alone"? Alan Dowty distils over half a
century of study as an inside/outside analyst of Israel in tracing
this remarkable story. It begins in the waning days of the Ottoman
Empire, when Jews fleeing Russian persecution established a renewed
Jewish presence in their historic homeland. It continues through
harsh struggle and in deep-rooted conflict with another people that
sees Israel/Palestine equally as their homeland. Immensely
successful by most standards, Israel today remains a center of
contention and is still torn between its hard-earned role as a
"normal" nation and the call of its particularistic, and unique,
Jewish history.
Introduction to any complex international conflict is enriched when
the voices of the adversaries are heard. The Israel/Palestine
Reader is an innovative collection, focused on the human dimension
of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian confrontation. Its vivid and
illuminating readings present the voices of the diverse parties
through personal testimonies and analyses. Key leaders, literary
figures, prominent analysts, and simply close observers of
different phases of this protracted conflict are all
represented--in their own words. From Mark Twain to Theodor Herzl,
Gamal Abdul Nasser, Golda Meir, Anwar Sadat, Ezer Weizman, Ehud
Barak, Marwan Barghouti, Mahmoud Abbas, Benjamin Netanyahu, John
Kerry, and dozens of others, the firsthand narratives brought
together in this Reader bring the conflict to life as seen by those
closest to it. Though structured to complement Alan Dowty's
introductory text Israel/Palestine (4th edition, Polity 2017), this
Reader also stands on its own as a survey of "voices" in the
conflict. Each of the ten chapters is framed by an editorial
introduction that sets the pieces in context. By juxtaposing
contrasting viewpoints both between and within the opposed parties,
these pieces underline the drama of the conflict, while final
judgment is left to the reader. This lively volume will add color
and texture to any study of Arab-Israeli issues or of the Middle
East generally.
Fashioning a working political structure in Israel that will bring
together all aspects of society, from Jews to Arabs, ultra-Orthodox
to assertively secular, has never been easy. However, two
developments have intensified this challenge: demographic changes
have sharpened the differences between the groups; and open
challenges of legitimacy have undermined the previous de facto
acceptance of pluralism. There has been no strong civic framework
of "Israeliness" to replace Zionism as a shared identity that would
override more parochial identities and interests. Added to these
pressures are the collapse of the peace process in late 2000 and
the influence of global developments on the Arab-Israel conflict
and on Israeli domestic society. In this volume, twelve noted
scholars of Israel present authoritative and analytic overviews of
these important issues. The ability of the Israeli political system
to bridge differences through a Jewish tradition of power-sharing
has, in the past, managed to overcome enormous divisions, at least
within the Jewish sector. Economic progress and globalization have
brought Israel closer to other developed societies in many
respects, while exposing Israel to pressures associated with these
trends. Closer analysis of these critical issues reveals that there
are also positive forces at work as the nation seeks a broader
synthesis of its Jewish legacy and universal liberal values.
What explains the peculiar intensity and evident intractability of
the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Of all the ""hot spots"" in the
world today, the apparently endless clash between Jews and Arabs in
the Middle East seems unique in its longevity and resistance to
resolution. Is this conflict really different from other ethnic and
nationalist confrontations, and if so, in what way? In this fully
revised and expanded fifth edition of his highly respected
introductory text, Alan Dowty demystifies the conflict by putting
it in broad historical perspective, identifying its roots, and
tracing its evolution up to the current impasse. His account offers
a clear analytic framework for understanding transformations over
time, and in doing so, punctures the myths of an ""age-old""
conflict with an unbridgeable gap between the two sides. Rather
than simply reciting historical detail, this book presents a clear
overview that serves as a road map through the thicket of
conflicting claims. Updated to include recent developments, such as
the recent Israeli elections and the debate over the two-state
solution, the new edition presents in full the opposed perspectives
of the two sides, leaving readers to make their own evaluations of
the issues. The book thus expresses fairly and objectively the
concerns, hopes, fears, and passions of both sides, making it clear
why this conflict is waged with such vehemence - and how, for all
that, the gap between the two sides has narrowed over time.
How did a community of a few thousand Jewish refugees become, in
little over a century, a modern nation-state and homeland of half
the world's Jews? Has modern Israel fulfilled the Zionist vision of
becoming "a nation like other nations," or is it still, in Biblical
terns, "a people that dwells alone"? Alan Dowty distils over half a
century of study as an inside/outside analyst of Israel in tracing
this remarkable story. It begins in the waning days of the Ottoman
Empire, when Jews fleeing Russian persecution established a renewed
Jewish presence in their historic homeland. It continues through
harsh struggle and in deep-rooted conflict with another people that
sees Israel/Palestine equally as their homeland. Immensely
successful by most standards, Israel today remains a center of
contention and is still torn between its hard-earned role as a
"normal" nation and the call of its particularistic, and unique,
Jewish history.
In this book we hope to acquaint the reader with the fundamentals
of truth conditional model-theoretic semantics, and in particular
with a version of this developed by Richard Montague in a series of
papers published during the 1960's and early 1970's. In many ways
the paper 'The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary
English' (commonly abbreviated PTQ) represents the culmination of
Montague's efforts to apply the techniques developed within
mathematical logic to the semantics of natural languages, and
indeed it is the system outlined there that people generally have
in mind when they refer to "Montague Grammar." (We prefer the term
"Montague Semantics" inasmuch as a grammar, as conceived of in
current linguistics, would contain at least a phonological
component, a morphological component, and other subsystems which
are either lacking entirely or present only in a very rudi mentary
state in the PTQ system. ) Montague's work has attracted increasing
attention in recent years among linguists and philosophers since it
offers the hope that semantics can be characterized with the same
formal rigor and explicitness that transformational approaches have
brought to syntax. Whether this hope can be fully realized remains
to be seen, but it is clear nonetheless that Montague semantics has
already established itself as a productive para digm, leading to
new areas of inquiry and suggesting new ways of conceiving of
theories of natural language. Unfortunately, Montague's papers are
tersely written and very difficult to follow unless one has a
considerable background in logical semantics."
The most general goal of this book is to propose and illustrate a
program of research in word semantics that combines some of the
methodology and results in linguistic semantics, primarily that of
the generative semantics school, with the rigorously formalized
syntactic and semantic framework for the analysis of natural
languages developed by Richard Montague and his associates, a
framework in which truth and denotation with respect to a model are
taken as the fundamental semantic notions. I hope to show, both
from the linguist's and the philosopher's point of view, not only
why this synthesis can be undertaken but also why it will be useful
to pursue it. On the one hand, the linguists' decompositions of
word meanings into more primitive parts are by themselves
inherently incomplete, in that they deal only in distinctions in
meaning without providing an account of what mean ings really are.
Not only can these analyses be made complete by a model theoretic
semantics, but also such an account of these analyses renders them
more exact and more readily testable than they could ever be
otherwise."
What explains the peculiar intensity and evident intractability of
the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Of all the "hot spots" in the
world today, the apparently endless clash between Jews and Arabs in
the Middle East seems unique in its longevity and resistance to
resolution. Is this conflict really different from other ethnic and
nationalist confrontations, and if so, in what way? In this fully
revised and expanded fourth edition of his highly respected
introductory text, Alan Dowty demystifies the conflict by putting
it in broad historical perspective, identifying its roots, and
tracing its evolution up to the current impasse. His account offers
a clear analytic framework for understanding transformations over
time, and in doing so, punctures the myths of an "age-old" conflict
with an unbridgeable gap between the two sides. Rather than simply
reciting historical detail, this book presents a clear overview
that serves as a road map through the thicket of conflicting
claims. Updated to include recent developments, such as the clashes
in the Gaza Strip and the latest diplomatic initiatives, the new
edition presents in full the opposed perspectives of the two sides,
leaving readers to make their own evaluations of the issues. The
book thus expresses fairly and objectively the concerns, hopes,
fears, and passions of both sides, making it clear why this
conflict is waged with such vehemence -- and how, for all that, the
gap between the two sides has narrowed over time.
Introduction to any complex international conflict is enriched when
the voices of the adversaries are heard. The Israel/Palestine
Reader is an innovative collection, focused on the human dimension
of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian confrontation. Its vivid and
illuminating readings present the voices of the diverse parties
through personal testimonies and analyses. Key leaders, literary
figures, prominent analysts, and simply close observers of
different phases of this protracted conflict are all
represented--in their own words. From Mark Twain to Theodor Herzl,
Gamal Abdul Nasser, Golda Meir, Anwar Sadat, Ezer Weizman, Ehud
Barak, Marwan Barghouti, Mahmoud Abbas, Benjamin Netanyahu, John
Kerry, and dozens of others, the firsthand narratives brought
together in this Reader bring the conflict to life as seen by those
closest to it. Though structured to complement Alan Dowty's
introductory text Israel/Palestine (4th edition, Polity 2017), this
Reader also stands on its own as a survey of "voices" in the
conflict. Each of the ten chapters is framed by an editorial
introduction that sets the pieces in context. By juxtaposing
contrasting viewpoints both between and within the opposed parties,
these pieces underline the drama of the conflict, while final
judgment is left to the reader. This lively volume will add color
and texture to any study of Arab-Israeli issues or of the Middle
East generally.
When did the Arab-Israeli conflict begin? Some discussions focus on
the 1967 war, some go back to the creation of the state of Israel
in 1948, and others look to the beginning of the British Mandate in
1922. Alan Dowty, however, traces the earliest roots of the
conflict to the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, arguing that
this historical approach highlights constant clashes between
religious and ethnic groups in Palestine. He demonstrates that
existing Arab residents viewed new Jewish settlers as European and
shares evidence of overwhelming hostility to foreigners from
European lands. He shows that Jewish settlers had tremendous
incentive to minimize all obstacles to settlement, including the
inconvenient hostility of the existing population. Dowty's thorough
research reveals how events that occurred over 125 years ago shaped
the implacable conflict that dominates the Middle East today.
Mainstream educational provision for children on the autistic
spectrum can be inadequate or inappropriate. An increasing number
of parents dissatisfied with the education system are looking
elsewhere for an approach that will suit their children's needs. In
"Home Educating Our Autistic Spectrum Children", parents who have
chosen to home educate their children with autism or Asperger's
syndrome candidly relate their experiences: how they reached the
decision to educate at home, how they set about the task, and how
it has affected their lives. Following these personal accounts, the
final chapters offer practical advice on getting started with home
education, legal advice from an expert in education law, and
contact details of support organisations
A 31 day devotional designed to encourage and help people who are
struggling with mental illness from a biblical perspective.
Fighter pilots are known for their bravery, cunning, and skill in
combat. They are also known for their expertise in worldly vices.
Few people would think that Christian men and women could be a part
of that military culture. They not only can, but should. Godly men
and women can be both good Christians and good fighter pilots,
Sailors, Soldiers, or Marines - something many people believe is a
contradiction. From fighter pilot traditions to the controversy of
military evangelism, Christian Fighter Pilot explains not only the
popular fighter pilot culture, but also the sometimes secretive
world of the men and women who fly and fight. Whether in training
or combat, Christians are shown that they can live out their faith
and still excel in the world's best military.
As the fiftieth anniversary of Israeli statehood approaches, along
with the commemoration of the hundredth anniversary of the World
Zionist Organization, the question of what is meant by a "Jewish"
state is particularly timely. Alan Dowty takes on that question in
a book that is admirable for its clarity and its comprehensive
interpretation of the historical roots and contemporary functioning
of Israel.
Israeli nationhood, democracy, and politics did not unfold in a
social or political vacuum, but developed from power-sharing
practices in pre-state Jewish communities in Palestine and in
Eastern Europe. Dowty elucidates the broad cluster of cultural,
historical, and ideological tenets which came to comprise Israel's
contemporary political system. He demonstrates that such tenets
were not arbitrary but in fact developed logically from Jewish
political habits and the circumstances of time. Dowty illustrates
how these traditions are balanced with those of ideology and
modernization, and he provides an integrated, sophisticated
analysis of the Israeli nation's formation and present state.
Dowty also proposes thoughtful answers to puzzles regarding the
strengths and weaknesses of Israeli democracy in responding to the
challenges of communal divisions, religious contention, the
country's non-Jewish minority, and accommodation with the
Palestinians. "The Jewish State" will be invaluable for anyone
looking for that one book that gives an intelligent overview of
both Israel today and of its origins.
This publication offers the most wide-ranging examination to date
of an intriguing country, one that is often misunderstood. It
serves as a comprehensive reference for the growing field of Israel
studies and is also a significant resource for students and
scholars of comparative politics, recognizing that in many ways
Israel is not unique but rather a test case of democracy in deeply
divided societies and states engaged in intense conflict. The
Oxford Handbook of Israeli Politics and Society considers the role
of external hostilities, but this is not taken as the main
determinant of Israel's internal politics. Rather, the Handbook
presents an overview of the historical development of Israeli
democracy through chapters examining the country's history,
contemporary society, political institutions, international
relations, and most pressing political issues. This comprehensive
volume offers contributions by internationally recognized
authorities on their subjects, outlining the most relevant
developments over time while not shying away from the strife both
in and around Israel. It presents opposed narratives in full force,
enabling readers to make their own judgments.
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