All animals, from protozoans to primates, utilize energy in every aspect of their lives. Metabolic processes transform energy within the living cells. Individual animals obtain energy with their food and use it in a variety of ways. Populations and communities pass energy through their ecosystem. The growing interest in animal energetics is therefore seen in three major areas of zoology-biochemistry, physiology and ecology. We have tried to describe the main features of almost all these aspects, with the aim of arousing or feeding an interest in energetics in general as well as supplying some information on particular parts of the subject. The substantial list of references is intended to guide the reader to larger or more specialized works. In covering such a wide field in so small a compass we will have been guilty of over-generalizations, but we find when teaching energetics, whether physiological or ecological, that students easily lose sight of the principles if all statements are hedged about with every relevant condition and exception. We have drawn examples from a wide range of animals, avoiding over-emphasis on mammals, but we have tended to favour those groups with which we are more familiar. We are grateful to many people for helpful discussions and in particular to Kenneth Denbigh, Derek Miller and John Stirling for valuable criticisms of parts of the manuscript. We are responsible for all remaining errors, of course, and will welcome having them drawn to our notice. A.E.B. M.J.L.

Although plant genes were first isolated only some twelve years ago and transfer of foreign DNA into tobacco cells first demonstrated some eight years ago, the application and extension of biotechnology to agricultural problems has already led to the field-testing of genetically modified crop plants. The promise of tailor-made plants containing resistance to pests or diseases as well as many other desirable characteristics has led to the almost compulsory incorporation of molecular biology into the research programs of chemical and seed companies as well as Governmental agricultural agencies. With the routine transformation of rice and the early evidence of transformation of maize the possibility of the world's major cereal crops being modified for improved nutritional value or resistance characteristics is now likely in the next few years. The increasing number of cloned plant genes and the increasing sophistication of our knowledge of the major developmental and biochemi cal pathways in plants should eventually allow us to engineer crop plants with higher yields and with less detrimental impact on the environment than now occurs in our current high input agricultural systems. This book draws together many of the expanding areas of plant molecular biology and genetic engineering that will make a substantial contribution to the development of the more productive and efficient crop plants that the world's farmers will be planting in the next decade."

This book will help primary school teachers of science gain the skills and knowledge needed to both incorporate inquiry-based instruction into their classrooms and to differentiate such instruction to more effectively meet the needs of all students. The author introduces differentiated inquiry and show teachers how to develop and customize learning choices that best fit their students' individual styles and comfort levels. Differentiated inquiry is based on the belief that when students are provided with choice in instructional options they are more engaged and committed to completing the task at hand. This, in turn, increases student motivation, interest in science, and a desire for students to achieve at higher levels.

Central autonomic circuits in the brain and spinal cord are essential to vertebrate life: they control all basic bodily functions, including blood pressure, body temperature regulation, digestion, and reproduction.
Edited by two experts in the field, Ida Llewellyn-Smith and Anthony Verberne, and extensively illustrated, the second edition of Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions presents the extraordinary advances that have been made over the last 20 years in the understanding of how the central nervous system controls autonomic functions.
Written in a clear and readable manner by an international collection of neuroscientists and physiologists, and nine chapters describe central autonomic circuits from the cerebral cortex to the periphery. Eight more chapters address specific bodily functions and their control by central autonomic circuits. Two additional chapters discuss cardio-respiratory integration and regulation of autonomic function by visceral and somatic afferents. All of the chapters are up-to-date and cover topics such as the central autonomic regulation of airways, gastrointestinal function, energy homeostasis, body temperature, and sexual function, reflecting the latest research.
One of the only texts to provide the whole story of how the brain controls basic bodily functions that are critical for life, Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions will be essential reading for graduate students and researchers in neuroscience, anatomy, pharmacology and physiology as well as a valuable reference work for established workers in the field.

Douglas Llewellyn focuses on teaching science through an inquiry-based process, showing teachers how to implement inquiry using the three "Rs" of inquiry--restructuring, retooling, and reculturing. Inquire Within helps teachers design inquiries for their students and also provides ready-to-use inquiry lessons. Updates to the Third Edition include: Alignment with the new Common Core State Standards and the Next Generation Science Standards A central focus on making and defending scientific arguments (i.e. argumentation) Guidance on developing the prerequisite attitude and mindset for becoming an inquiry- and argument-based teacher How to balance the meaning (the disposition) as well as the mechanics (the how-to) of inquiry and argumentation Background on self-directed learning Practice in climbing the ladder of professional improvement Many new vignettes of inquiry and argument-based activities that integrate language arts with science. New sections tie inquiry-based instruction to classroom management, language literacy, the nature of science, multiple intelligence, communication skills, and scientific argumentation. The Third Edition is now closely aligned with "Teaching High School Science Through Inquiry and Argumentation" ""

All over the world the practice of peacebuilding is beset with common dilemmas: peace versus justice, religious versus secular approaches, individual versus structural justice, reconciliation versus retribution, and the harmonization of the sheer multiplicity of practices involved in repairing past harms. Progress towards the resolution of these dilemmas requires far more than reforming institutions and practices but rather clear thinking about the more basic questions: What is justice? And how is it related to the building of peace? The twin concepts of reconciliation and restorative justice, both involving the holistic restoration of right relationship, contain not only a compelling logic of justice but also great promise for resolving peacebuilding's tensions and for constructing and assessing its institutions and practices. This volume furthers this potential by developing not only the core content of these concepts but also their implications for accountability, forgiveness, reparations, traditional practices, human rights, and international law. While the volume's central orientation is theory, it contains much of interest to a wide range of scholars as well as practitioners. It is both interdisciplinary and accessibly written. It situates its analysis in countries as diverse as South Africa, El Salvador, Canada, and East Timor and in the work of institutions and communities such as the United Nations, the Catholic Church, various indigenous communities, and the international law community. It contains essays by leading scholars of restorative justice, international law, transitional justice, political philosophy and theology.