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This text comprehensively covers novel, innovative technologies
used in the food and beverage industries in order to provide safe
and healthy foods for consumers. The research provided in these
chapters aims to show that the traditional pasteurization and
commercial sterilization of foods result in unacceptable quality
and nutrient retention, creating an important need for alternative
methods used to minimize undesirable reactions such as thermal
decomposition or degradation. Emerging processing methods to
minimize heat induced alterations in foods and their applications
are covered in-depth, demonstrating that these methods are useful
not only for the inactivation of microorganisms and enzymes but
also for improving the yield and development of ingredients and
marketable foods with higher quality and better nutritional
characteristics. Effect of Emerging Processing Methods on the Food
Quality: Advantages and Challenges not only covers the advantages
of using innovative processing methods, but also the disadvantages
and challenges of using these techniques on food quality. Each
chapter focuses on a different emerging processing technique,
breaking down the sensory, textural and nutritional aspects for
different food products in addition to the advantages and
challenges for each method. New technologies and advanced theories
are a major focus, pointing to innovative new paths for the quality
and safety assurance in food products. From pulsed electric fields
to ultrasounds, this work covers all aspects of emerging processing
techniques for fruits and vegetables, foods and dairy products.
The Arab upheaval and the world's biggest financial crisis after
the Great Depression were almost simultaneous in their occurrence.
The Mediterranean economies now face a dual challenge of a
political and financial restructuring in the light of a shaky
economic pedestal on which they stand. In light of this
socio-political and economic shift in both inland and in world
markets, this book offers a thorough analysis on problems,
prospects and the way ahead for the financial integration of the
South-Mediterranean region. Several perspectives on financial
integration and policy recommendations are put forward from a
leading group of researchers specializing on the Mediterranean
region.
The emergence of mechatronics has advanced the engineering
disciplines, producing a plethora of useful technical systems.
Advanced Engineering and Computational Methodologies for
Intelligent Mechatronics and Robotics presents the latest
innovations and technologies in the fields of mechatronics and
robotics. These innovations are applied to a wide range of
applications for robotic-assisted manufacturing, complex systems,
and many more. This publication is essential to bridge the gap
between theory and practice for researchers, engineers, and
practitioners from academia to government.
Africa, the cradle of many old civilizations, is the second largest
world continent, and the homeland of nearly one-eighth of the world
population. Despite Africa's richness in natural resources, the
average income per person, after excluding a few countries, is the
lowest all over the world, and the percentage of inhabitants
infected with contagious diseases is the highest. Development of
Africa to help accommodate the ever-increasing population and
secure a reasonable living standard to all inhabitants, though an
enormous challenge is extremely necessary. Water is the artery of
life, without it all living creatures on earth cannot survive. As
such, a thorough knowledge of the meteorological and hydrological
processes influencing the yield and quality of the water resources,
surface and subsurface, and their distribution and variability in
time and space is unavoidable for the overall development of any
part of the world. It is highly probable that the said knowledge is
at present a top priority to Africa, a continent that has been for
so long-and probably still-devastated by the endless ambitions of
colonial powers not to forget the corruption and destruction
practiced by the internal powers, at least in some countries. The
present book "Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa" is written
with the aim of bringing together in one volume a fair amount of
knowledge any professional involved in hydrology and water
resources of Africa needs to know.
This book investigates the susceptibility of intrinsic physically
unclonable function (PUF) implementations on reconfigurable
hardware to optical semi-invasive attacks from the chip backside.
It explores different classes of optical attacks, particularly
photonic emission analysis, laser fault injection, and optical
contactless probing. By applying these techniques, the book
demonstrates that the secrets generated by a PUF can be predicted,
manipulated or directly probed without affecting the behavior of
the PUF. It subsequently discusses the cost and feasibility of
launching such attacks against the very latest hardware
technologies in a real scenario. The author discusses why PUFs are
not tamper-evident in their current configuration, and therefore,
PUFs alone cannot raise the security level of key storage. The
author then reviews the potential and already implemented
countermeasures, which can remedy PUFs' security-related
shortcomings and make them resistant to optical side-channel and
optical fault attacks. Lastly, by making selected modifications to
the functionality of an existing PUF architecture, the book
presents a prototype tamper-evident sensor for detecting optical
contactless probing attempts.
The Performance of the EU in International Institutions marks one
of the first attempts to systematically analyse the subject. It
focuses on the role of the EU in decision-making within
international organizations and regimes as a major locus of global
governance. The book unpacks the concept of EU performance into
four core elements: effectiveness (goal achievement); efficiency
(ratio between outputs accomplished and costs incurred); relevance
(of the EU for its priority stakeholders); and financial/resource
viability (the ability of the performing organization to raise the
funds required). Based on the case studies herein, the findings
presented in this book relate to the identified core elements of
performance with a particular emphasis on the dimensions of
'effectiveness' and 'relevance'. Most notably, the EU appears, on
balance and over the past two decades, to have become much more
relevant for its member states when acting within international
institutions. The book highlights four particular factors
explaining EU performance in international institutions: the status
of relevant EU legislation and policies, the legal framework
conditions including the relevant changes that the Lisbon Treaty
has brought about, domestic EU politics, and the international
context. This book was originally published as a special issue of
the Journal of European Integration
Over the past three decades, scholars, government analysts and
terrorism experts have examined the relationship between Islam and
politics. But specialists have tended to limit their analysis to a
specific country or focus. Few works have provided a geographically
comprehensive, in-depth analysis. Since 9/11, another wave of
literature on political Islam and global terrorism has appeared,
much of it superficial and sensationalist. This situation
underscores the need for a comprehensive, analytical, and in-depth
examination of Islam and politics in the post-9/11 era and in an
increasingly globalizing world. The Oxford Handbook of Islam and
Politics, with contributions from prominent scholars and
specialists, provides a comprehensive analysis of what we know and
where we are in the study of political Islam. It enables scholars,
students, and policymakers to understand the interaction of Islam
and politics and the multiple and diverse roles of Islamic
movements, as well as issues of authoritarianism and
democratization, religious extremism and terrorism regionally and
globally.
Islamic movements in North Africa have historically been
distinguished from their counterparts in other parts of the Arab
world because they have demonstrated a marked willingness to work
within the political system and have at times even been officially
recognized and allowed to participate in local and national
elections. As a result, Islamic thi
This book investigates the history of Arabian suqs from their
pre-Islamic beginnings to the present. Collecting evidence from
archaeological ruins, Islamic towns, modern cities, Arabic poetry,
philosophical debates, political conflicts, puppet shows and the
insights of modern-day market-goers, the book presents new and
unforeseen interpretations of the Arabian suq's meaning and its
transformation through time and place. The finding that such
meaning is tied to ancient trade rituals, where temple and market
presented a holistic socio-urban unit, re-questions some
instrumental assumptions regarding the value of suq-ness in
Arabia's everyday practices. Such a finding, which locates the
fadaa/tareeq duality as a central theme in Arabia's socio-urban
discourse, emphasizes the importance of lived experiences and
poetics as key sources for understanding socio-urban phenomena.
From the war on terror to the global financial crisis, traditional
concepts of world politics are being challenged on a daily basis.
In these uncertain times, the study of international relations and
the forces that shape them have never been more important. Written
specifically for students who are approaching this subject for the
first time, World Politics is the most accessible, coherent and
up-to-date account of the field available. It covers the historical
backdrop to today's political situations, the complex interactions
of states and non-state actors, the role of political economy,
human security in all its forms, and the ways in which culture,
religion and identity influence events. World Politics takes a new
approach that challenges traditional interpretations, and will
equip students with the knowledge and the confidence needed to
tackle the big issues.
First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
Budget deficits are features of over 80 percent of the countries
in the world. This book analyzes the macroeconomic impacts of these
deficits by taking the approach that their stabilization
consequences depend largely on their effects on money supply. The
book highlights and compares, between the developing and the
industrial countries, the characteristics of revenue and
expenditure, the various methods of financing budget deficits and
their money supply implications, the stabilization consequences of
deficit financing, and various issues of monetary control and
liberalization of financial markets. Since the evidence on deficits
causing inflation is strongest in the developing countries of the
Western Hemisphere, the emphasis of the analysis and the
recommended solutions and reforms address the developing
economies.
The book analyzes the various financial characteristics of
developing economies and the features of the revenue and the
expenditure sides of budgets to determine the nature and size of
deficits. The analysis proceeds by relating budget deficits to
their money supply based on various methods of domestic and foreign
finance in the industrial and developing worlds. The book then
examines the macroeconomic consequences of large increases in money
supply and evaluates policies of inflationary finance. The analysis
recommends monetary control measures by providing one of the most
comprehensive surveys on the relationship between monetary policy
instruments and money supply in economic development. The last
chapter analyzes methods for liberalizing markets for government
securities and examines the experiences of Taiwan and Korea with
open-market operations. Ideal as supplemental reading for courses
in international money and finance, economic development, and
topics in macroeconomics, this book is an important resource for
policymakers involved in issues of deficits and monetary
policy.
Many residents of the Middle East - and more recently, Western
powers - have placed great hope in democratization in the region.
Yet authoritarianism remains the norm and movement towards
democracy is both slow and uneven.
The Struggle over Democracy in the Middle East examines
democracy and democratization in the light of regional realities
rather than the wishful thinking of outsiders. Specialists from the
region analyze democratic prospects in the region, while
accomplished scholars from the United States and the United Kingdom
analyze Western policy, providing a wide-ranging survey of the
efforts of individual countries and the effect of external
influences. Addressing themes including sectarianism, culture,
religion, security and the promotion of democracy, the book
examines the experiences of activists, political parties, religious
groups and governments and highlights the difficulties involved in
bringing democracy to the Middle East. Providing a multifaceted
approach to the issue of democratization, this book will be a
valuable reference for courses on Middle Eastern politics,
political science and democracy.
Many residents of the Middle East - and more recently, Western
powers - have placed great hope in democratization in the region.
Yet authoritarianism remains the norm and movement towards
democracy is both slow and uneven.
The Struggle over Democracy in the Middle East examines
democracy and democratization in the light of regional realities
rather than the wishful thinking of outsiders. Specialists from the
region analyze democratic prospects in the region, while
accomplished scholars from the United States and the United Kingdom
analyze Western policy, providing a wide-ranging survey of the
efforts of individual countries and the effect of external
influences. Addressing themes including sectarianism, culture,
religion, security and the promotion of democracy, the book
examines the experiences of activists, political parties, religious
groups and governments and highlights the difficulties involved in
bringing democracy to the Middle East. Providing a multifaceted
approach to the issue of democratization, this book will be a
valuable reference for courses on Middle Eastern politics,
political science and democracy.
Published in 1999. These essays are not deconstructive in the
postmodern sense. None of the authors have that depth of scepticism
about knowledge claims, but they are all concerned that the terms
of reference of Cold War enquiry have been inappropriately bounded.
The chapters by Murray and Reynolds specifically address the broad
theoretical issues involved with paradigms and explanation. The
chapters by Dobson, Marsh, Malik, Evans and Dix stretch out Cold
War paradigms with successive case studies of Anglo-American
relations; the USA, Britain, Iran and the oil majors; the Gulf
States and the Cold War; South Africa and the Cold War; and Indian
neutralism. All five authors challenge the efficacy of neo-realist
analysis and explanation and critique the way that assumptions
derived from that position have been used in historical
explanation. The chapters by Ryall, Rogers and Bideleux deal with
Roman Catholicism in East Central Europe, with nuclear matters and
with the Soviet perspective. Each work goes beyond the limits of
Cold War paradigms. Finally, Ponting places the Cold War in the
broad context of world history. These essays provide
thought-provoking scholarship which helps us both to nuance our
understanding of the Cold War and to realise that it should not be
taken as an all-embracing paradigm for the explanation of postwar
international relations.
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