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Europeans are living longer, and fewer now remain in the labour
force as they grow older. Many European countries have responded to
the ensuing financial pressure by reforming their public pension
systems and health care programmes. There is considerable
uncertainty as to the effects of these reforms - as they typically
do not alter the unfunded nature of public welfare arrangements and
this uncertainty is itself costly. Not only does it undermine the
credibility of public welfare programmes, but it may also distort
labour supply behaviour, decisions regarding savings and capital
accumulation. More generally there is uncertainty about the overall
impact of ageing on welfare and society and the multiple domains in
which its effects may develop. Pensions: More Information, Less
Ideology builds on the existing evidence - mostly in the field of
public pensions - and highlights the advantages that would be
obtained by: harmonising methodologies used in the various
countries to report pension outlays and forecast future pension
liabilities or more generally public spending; defining common
standards as to the frequency of expenditure forecasts and the
length of the forecast horizons for welfare expenditures;
developing European longitudinal survey of persons pre- and post
retirement age, providing timely information on a wide array of
decisions by individuals and household related to the ageing
process and the ongoing trends.
Businesses, institutions, families, and individuals rely on
security measures to keep themselves and their assets safe. In "The
Art and Science of Security, " author Joel Jesus M. Supan provides
a practical and effective resource to show how the public can
protect themselves against dangers and hazards. He helps leaders
understand the real meaning of security-one of their primary
responsibilities. "The Art and Science of Security" teaches and
guides team leaders on how to preserve and protect the team's
resources in order to achieve their objectives. Supan, with more
than twenty-five years of experience in the security industry,
provides a thorough understanding of the principles and aspects of
a wide range of security concerns, including personnel,
informational, operational, environmental, physical, and
reputational. It discusses the guard system, details how to develop
a corporate security program, shows how to conduct a security
assessment, and tells how to manage a crisis. Supan demonstrates
that the need for security goes beyond what is generally held to be
the domain of guards, law enforcement agencies, and the military.
Security is an important facet of every person's well-being.
SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal
challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do
Europeans age? Under which circumstances do older people and their
families live, how healthy and active are they, and how did the
crisis affect them? The authors of this multidisciplinary book have
taken a first step toward answering these questions based on the
recent SHARE data including a new social networks module.
The key to understanding household saving is obtaining appropriate
data. Dealing with differences between rich and poor households,
for example, or the old and the young, require observation of a
large number of households. The focus of this study is to obtain
data on many households from a number of different countries and to
examine them in a coherent fashion. The hope is that through these
observations we can learn about the ways policies affect savings
and that other differences among savers can be controlled for,
instead of being blamed on "cultural differences
* Features a consistent framework among chapters
* Reaches a harmony between measurement and analysis to compare
accurately the resulting data and statistics
* Provides econometric methodology to reveal the way policies
affect savings
SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal
challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do we
Europeans age? How will we do economically, socially and
healthwise? How are these domains interrelated? The authors of this
multidisciplinary book have taken a further big step towards
answering these questions based on the recent SHARE data in order
to support policies for an inclusive society.
Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are
the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our
lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well
as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the
welfare state. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life
histories in thirteen European countries, collected as part of the
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).
Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European
welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer
the important public policy questions of our time how the welfare
state affects people 's incomes, housing, families, retirement,
volunteering and health. The overarching theme of the welfare state
creates a book of genuinely interdisciplinary analyses, a valuable
resource for economists, gerontologists, historians, political
scientists, public health analysts, and sociologists alike.
Health in later life is shaped by behavior and policies over the
life course and reflects the differences between the societies in
which we are ageing. This multidisciplinary book answers questions
from all life course phases and its interconnections from a
European perspective based on the most recent SHARE data, such as:
How is our health related to personality traits and influenced by
our childhood conditions and careers? Which role does our social
network play? Which impacts of the different health care and
societal regimes can we trace at older ages? Which are the
differences and similarities across European countries?
The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major threat to the well-being of
older Europeans. Its economic and social effects, however, varied
across countries. This multidisciplinary book presents the first
results of analyses that combined the renowned longitudinal
database of SHARE with new data from two telephone surveys that
were uniquely conducted during the pandemic. The analyses address
important policy-related issues, such as: Did social
distancing destabilize family and social support networks? Did
the pandemic increase health, social and economic inequality? Who
had to forego essential health care because of the pandemic? Did
lockdown affect one’s physical and mental health? Did the shift
towards remote work affect workload and well-being?
Were different housing conditions related to the spread of the
virus?  
Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are
the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our
lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well
as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the
welfare state. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life
histories in thirteen European countries, collected as part of the
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).
Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European
welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer
the important public policy questions of our time - how the welfare
state affects people's incomes, housing, families, retirement,
volunteering and health. The overarching theme of the welfare state
creates a book of genuinely interdisciplinary analyses, a valuable
resource for economists, gerontologists, historians, political
scientists, public health analysts, and sociologists alike.
Europeans are living longer, and fewer now remain in the labour
force as they grow older. Many European countries have responded to
the ensuing financial pressure by reforming their public pension
systems and health care programmes. There is considerable
uncertainty as to the effects of these reforms - as they typically
do not alter the unfunded nature of public welfare arrangements and
this uncertainty is itself costly. Not only does it undermine the
credibility of public welfare programmes, but it may also distort
labour supply behaviour, decisions regarding savings and capital
accumulation. More generally there is uncertainty about the overall
impact of ageing on welfare and society and the multiple domains in
which its effects may develop. Pensions: More Information, Less
Ideology builds on the existing evidence - mostly in the field of
public pensions - and highlights the advantages that would be
obtained by: harmonising methodologies used in the various
countries to report pension outlays and forecast future pension
liabilities or more generally public spending; defining common
standards as to the frequency of expenditure forecasts and the
length of the forecast horizons for welfare expenditures;
developing European longitudinal survey of persons pre- and post
retirement age, providing timely information on a wide array of
decisions by individuals and household related to the ageing
process and the ongoing trends.
This book is a treatise on empirical microeconomics: it describes
the econometric theory of qualitative choice models and the
empirical practice of modeling consumer demand for a heterogeneous
commodity, housing. Accordingly, the book has two parts. The first
part gives a self-contained survey of discrete choice models with
emphasis on nested and related multinomial logit models. The second
part concentrates on three sUbstantive questions about housing
demand and how they can be answered using discrete choice models.
Why combine these two distinct parts in one book? It is the
interaction between theory and application in empirical
microeconomics on which we focus in this book. Hence, emphasis in
the methodological part is on practicability, and emphasis in the
applied part is on the usage of the proper econometric
specifications. Econometrics means measuring economic phenomena.
Because nature (ironically, in the case of economics, this is most
often the government) rarely provides us with well-defined economic
experiments, measurement of economic phenomena usually requires an
elaborate statistical apparatus that is able to separate concurrent
and confounding phenomena. Discrete choice models have proved to be
a very convenient apparatus to study the complex issues in housing
demand. We present models, techniques, and statistical problems of
discrete choice in the first and methodological part of the book,
written in conventional textbook style.
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