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The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major threat to the well-being of
older Europeans. Its economic and social effects, however, varied
across countries. This multidisciplinary book presents the first
results of analyses that combined the renowned longitudinal
database of SHARE with new data from two telephone surveys that
were uniquely conducted during the pandemic. The analyses address
important policy-related issues, such as: Did social
distancing destabilize family and social support networks? Did
the pandemic increase health, social and economic inequality? Who
had to forego essential health care because of the pandemic? Did
lockdown affect one’s physical and mental health? Did the shift
towards remote work affect workload and well-being?
Were different housing conditions related to the spread of the
virus?  
Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are
the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our
lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well
as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the
welfare state. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life
histories in thirteen European countries, collected as part of the
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).
Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European
welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer
the important public policy questions of our time - how the welfare
state affects people's incomes, housing, families, retirement,
volunteering and health. The overarching theme of the welfare state
creates a book of genuinely interdisciplinary analyses, a valuable
resource for economists, gerontologists, historians, political
scientists, public health analysts, and sociologists alike.
Europeans are living longer, and fewer now remain in the labour
force as they grow older. Many European countries have responded to
the ensuing financial pressure by reforming their public pension
systems and health care programmes. There is considerable
uncertainty as to the effects of these reforms - as they typically
do not alter the unfunded nature of public welfare arrangements and
this uncertainty is itself costly. Not only does it undermine the
credibility of public welfare programmes, but it may also distort
labour supply behaviour, decisions regarding savings and capital
accumulation. More generally there is uncertainty about the overall
impact of ageing on welfare and society and the multiple domains in
which its effects may develop. Pensions: More Information, Less
Ideology builds on the existing evidence - mostly in the field of
public pensions - and highlights the advantages that would be
obtained by: harmonising methodologies used in the various
countries to report pension outlays and forecast future pension
liabilities or more generally public spending; defining common
standards as to the frequency of expenditure forecasts and the
length of the forecast horizons for welfare expenditures;
developing European longitudinal survey of persons pre- and post
retirement age, providing timely information on a wide array of
decisions by individuals and household related to the ageing
process and the ongoing trends.
Europeans are living longer, and fewer now remain in the labour
force as they grow older. Many European countries have responded to
the ensuing financial pressure by reforming their public pension
systems and health care programmes. There is considerable
uncertainty as to the effects of these reforms - as they typically
do not alter the unfunded nature of public welfare arrangements and
this uncertainty is itself costly. Not only does it undermine the
credibility of public welfare programmes, but it may also distort
labour supply behaviour, decisions regarding savings and capital
accumulation. More generally there is uncertainty about the overall
impact of ageing on welfare and society and the multiple domains in
which its effects may develop. Pensions: More Information, Less
Ideology builds on the existing evidence - mostly in the field of
public pensions - and highlights the advantages that would be
obtained by: harmonising methodologies used in the various
countries to report pension outlays and forecast future pension
liabilities or more generally public spending; defining common
standards as to the frequency of expenditure forecasts and the
length of the forecast horizons for welfare expenditures;
developing European longitudinal survey of persons pre- and post
retirement age, providing timely information on a wide array of
decisions by individuals and household related to the ageing
process and the ongoing trends.
This book is a treatise on empirical microeconomics: it describes
the econometric theory of qualitative choice models and the
empirical practice of modeling consumer demand for a heterogeneous
commodity, housing. Accordingly, the book has two parts. The first
part gives a self-contained survey of discrete choice models with
emphasis on nested and related multinomial logit models. The second
part concentrates on three sUbstantive questions about housing
demand and how they can be answered using discrete choice models.
Why combine these two distinct parts in one book? It is the
interaction between theory and application in empirical
microeconomics on which we focus in this book. Hence, emphasis in
the methodological part is on practicability, and emphasis in the
applied part is on the usage of the proper econometric
specifications. Econometrics means measuring economic phenomena.
Because nature (ironically, in the case of economics, this is most
often the government) rarely provides us with well-defined economic
experiments, measurement of economic phenomena usually requires an
elaborate statistical apparatus that is able to separate concurrent
and confounding phenomena. Discrete choice models have proved to be
a very convenient apparatus to study the complex issues in housing
demand. We present models, techniques, and statistical problems of
discrete choice in the first and methodological part of the book,
written in conventional textbook style.
SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal
challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do we
Europeans age? How will we do economically, socially and
healthwise? How are these domains interrelated? The authors of this
multidisciplinary book have taken a further big step towards
answering these questions based on the recent SHARE data in order
to support policies for an inclusive society.
SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal
challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do
Europeans age? Under which circumstances do older people and their
families live, how healthy and active are they, and how did the
crisis affect them? The authors of this multidisciplinary book have
taken a first step toward answering these questions based on the
recent SHARE data including a new social networks module.
AxeI Borsch-Supan and Meinhard Miegel The provision of retirement
income is a dynamic system that needs to be adapted constantly to
the ever changing economic and societal environment. Sometimes,
incremental adaptations suffice; sometimes, however, larger reform
steps are necessary. We see this evolutionary process both through
history and across countries. Over and again societies are
confronted with new challenges, not the least with respect to old
age social security. At this juncture of history, almost all
industrialized countries face rapid population aging and need. to
adapt their pension systems to this historically unprecedented
demographic change. The six countries in this study (Chile,
Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the
United States) have responded very differently to this new
challenge. This is the point of departure for this book. Why did
the countries respond so differently? What can we learn from each
other? It is not the point of this book to provide a universally
optimal solution to the pension problems caused by population
aging. The six countries are simply too different in terms of their
demographic and cultural, and in particular in terms of their
historical and economic backgrounds. However, since national
discussions tend to be surprisingly narrowly focussed even in times
of globalization, there is much to learn by looking over the
neighbor' s fence. And since some countries have reformed earlier
than others, we even have the benefit of quite a few trials and
errors in one country from which all other countries can learn.
Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are
the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our
lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well
as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the
welfare state. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life
histories in thirteen European countries, collected as part of the
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).
Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European
welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer
the important public policy questions of our time how the welfare
state affects people 's incomes, housing, families, retirement,
volunteering and health. The overarching theme of the welfare state
creates a book of genuinely interdisciplinary analyses, a valuable
resource for economists, gerontologists, historians, political
scientists, public health analysts, and sociologists alike.
Health in later life is shaped by behavior and policies over the
life course and reflects the differences between the societies in
which we are ageing. This multidisciplinary book answers questions
from all life course phases and its interconnections from a
European perspective based on the most recent SHARE data, such as:
How is our health related to personality traits and influenced by
our childhood conditions and careers? Which role does our social
network play? Which impacts of the different health care and
societal regimes can we trace at older ages? Which are the
differences and similarities across European countries?
Fruchtbarer Boden wird mit zunehmendem Bevolkerungsdruck und
wachsendem Nahrungsmittelbedarf immer knapper. Ein
verantwortungsvoller Umgang mit dieser essentiellen Ressource ist
daher dringend notwendig. Mit der Ubersetzung der erfolgreichen
Bodenkunde von Rowell liegt nun ein praktisches Lehr- und
Methodenbuch vor, mit dem samtliche Bodeneigenschaften gemessen und
bewertet werden konnen. Neben den bodenkundlichen Grundlagen werden
die Prinzipien der Messverfahren und deren Durchfuhrung ausfuhrlich
beschrieben. Auswertung und Interpretation der Messdaten wird durch
Rechenbeispiele und Ubungsaufgaben erleichtert. Mit den zahlreichen
praktischen "Ubungen im Feld" lassen sich die Labormethoden auch
ohne aufwendige Mittel direkt in die Praxis ubertragen."
Der Band stellt Ergebnisse der ersten Befragungswelle des Survey of
Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) vor, in deren
Rahmen mehr als 30.000 Personen im Alter 50plus aus 11 Landern
befragt wurden. In acht Kapiteln werden verschiedene oekonomische,
soziale und gesundheitliche Aspekte des Alterns in Deutschland und
Europa beleuchtet. Darin spiegelt sich die disziplinare und
thematische Vielfalt sowie das Forschungspotential des SHARE wider,
das durch die Moeglichkeit von Langsschnittauswertungen zukunftig
noch potenziert wird.
Die "Fallstudien zur VWL" stammen aus der jungeren europaischen
Wirtschaftsgeschichte und behandeln aktuelle wirtschaftspolitische
Themen. Die "Fallstudien zur VWL" sollen das Erlernen von
okonomischen Theorien lebendiger gestalten, den Studierenden die
Anwendbarkeit okonomischer Theorien vor Augen fuhren, die
empirische Ausbildung in der Volkswirtschaftslehre unterstutzen.
Die "Fallstudien zur VWL" decken die zentralen Bereiche der Mikro-
und Makrookonomik insbesondere im Grundstudium ab. Sie lassen sich
sowohl in der Vorlesung als auch im dazugehorigen Ubungen oder
Tutorien einsetzen. Zu jeder Fallstudie gehort eine gesonderte
Kurzfassung sowie eine "Theorie-Box," in der die wichtigsten
theoretischen Konzepte repetiert werden.
Verzeichnis: Diese "Fallstudien zur VWL" behandeln aktuelle
wirtschaftspolitische Themen aus der Mikro- und Makrookonomik. Sie
gestalten das Erlernen okonomischer Theorie lebendiger und fuhrt
ihre empirische Anwendbarkeit deutlich vor Augen. Zu jeder
Fallstudie gehort eine gesonderte Kurzfassung sowie eine
"Theorie-Box," in der die wichtigsten theoretischen Konzepte
repetiert werden."
Springers Handbuch der VWL stellt in insgesamt 20 Beitragen die
wichtigsten Gebiete der Volkswirtschaftslehre vor. Die Beitrage
enthalten umfassendes, prufungs- und praxisrelevantes Wissen fur
Studenten, Praktiker und Wissenschaftler. Es ist ihr Ziel, dem
Leser volkswirtschaftliche Fragen, Methoden und Ergebnisse und die
Moglichkeiten und Grenzen okonomischer Analyse zu erlautern und
zugleich einen Eindruck davon nahezubringen, warum
Volkswirtschaftslehre als Fach interessant ist. Band 2 behandelt
die Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik, die Geldpolitik, die
Sozialpolitik sowie die Wettbewerbspolitik und die internationalen
Wirtschaftsbeziehungen."
Springers Handbuch der VWL stellt in insgesamt 20 Beitragen die
wichtigsten Gebiete der Volkswirtschaftslehre vor. Die Beitrage
enthalten umfassendes, prufungs- und praxisrelevantes Wissen fur
Studenten, Praktiker und Wissenschaftler. Es ist ihr Ziel, dem
Leser volkswirtschaftliche Fragen, Methoden und Ergebnisse und die
Moglichkeiten und Grenzen okonomischer Analyse zu erlautern und
zugleich einen Eindruck davon nahezubringen, warum
Volkswirtschaftslehre als Fach interessant ist. "Band 1" behandelt
die mikro- und makrookonomische Theorie, die neuesten Entwicklungen
der Vertragstheorie, die Okonometrie, die Industrie-, Arbeitsmarkt-
und Umweltokonomik und die Analyse der Finanzintermediare."
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