The COVID-19 pandemic　posed　a major threat to the well-being of older Europeans. Its economic and social effects, however, varied across countries. This multidisciplinary book presents the first results of analyses that combined the renowned longitudinal database of SHARE with new data from two telephone surveys that were uniquely conducted during the pandemic. The analyses address important policy-related issues, such as: Did　social distancing　destabilize family and social support networks? Did the pandemic increase health, social and economic inequality? Who had to forego essential health care because of the pandemic?　Did lockdown affect one’s physical and mental health? Did the shift towards remote work affect workload and well-being? Were　different　housing conditions related to the spread of the virus?　　

Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the welfare state. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life histories in thirteen European countries, collected as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer the important public policy questions of our time - how the welfare state affects people's incomes, housing, families, retirement, volunteering and health. The overarching theme of the welfare state creates a book of genuinely interdisciplinary analyses, a valuable resource for economists, gerontologists, historians, political scientists, public health analysts, and sociologists alike.

Europeans are living longer, and fewer now remain in the labour force as they grow older. Many European countries have responded to the ensuing financial pressure by reforming their public pension systems and health care programmes. There is considerable uncertainty as to the effects of these reforms - as they typically do not alter the unfunded nature of public welfare arrangements and this uncertainty is itself costly. Not only does it undermine the credibility of public welfare programmes, but it may also distort labour supply behaviour, decisions regarding savings and capital accumulation. More generally there is uncertainty about the overall impact of ageing on welfare and society and the multiple domains in which its effects may develop. Pensions: More Information, Less Ideology builds on the existing evidence - mostly in the field of public pensions - and highlights the advantages that would be obtained by: harmonising methodologies used in the various countries to report pension outlays and forecast future pension liabilities or more generally public spending; defining common standards as to the frequency of expenditure forecasts and the length of the forecast horizons for welfare expenditures; developing European longitudinal survey of persons pre- and post retirement age, providing timely information on a wide array of decisions by individuals and household related to the ageing process and the ongoing trends.

Europeans are living longer, and fewer now remain in the labour force as they grow older. Many European countries have responded to the ensuing financial pressure by reforming their public pension systems and health care programmes. There is considerable uncertainty as to the effects of these reforms - as they typically do not alter the unfunded nature of public welfare arrangements and this uncertainty is itself costly. Not only does it undermine the credibility of public welfare programmes, but it may also distort labour supply behaviour, decisions regarding savings and capital accumulation. More generally there is uncertainty about the overall impact of ageing on welfare and society and the multiple domains in which its effects may develop. Pensions: More Information, Less Ideology builds on the existing evidence - mostly in the field of public pensions - and highlights the advantages that would be obtained by: harmonising methodologies used in the various countries to report pension outlays and forecast future pension liabilities or more generally public spending; defining common standards as to the frequency of expenditure forecasts and the length of the forecast horizons for welfare expenditures; developing European longitudinal survey of persons pre- and post retirement age, providing timely information on a wide array of decisions by individuals and household related to the ageing process and the ongoing trends.

This book is a treatise on empirical microeconomics: it describes the econometric theory of qualitative choice models and the empirical practice of modeling consumer demand for a heterogeneous commodity, housing. Accordingly, the book has two parts. The first part gives a self-contained survey of discrete choice models with emphasis on nested and related multinomial logit models. The second part concentrates on three sUbstantive questions about housing demand and how they can be answered using discrete choice models. Why combine these two distinct parts in one book? It is the interaction between theory and application in empirical microeconomics on which we focus in this book. Hence, emphasis in the methodological part is on practicability, and emphasis in the applied part is on the usage of the proper econometric specifications. Econometrics means measuring economic phenomena. Because nature (ironically, in the case of economics, this is most often the government) rarely provides us with well-defined economic experiments, measurement of economic phenomena usually requires an elaborate statistical apparatus that is able to separate concurrent and confounding phenomena. Discrete choice models have proved to be a very convenient apparatus to study the complex issues in housing demand. We present models, techniques, and statistical problems of discrete choice in the first and methodological part of the book, written in conventional textbook style.

SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do we Europeans age? How will we do economically, socially and healthwise? How are these domains interrelated? The authors of this multidisciplinary book have taken a further big step towards answering these questions based on the recent SHARE data in order to support policies for an inclusive society.

SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do Europeans age? Under which circumstances do older people and their families live, how healthy and active are they, and how did the crisis affect them? The authors of this multidisciplinary book have taken a first step toward answering these questions based on the recent SHARE data including a new social networks module.

AxeI Borsch-Supan and Meinhard Miegel The provision of retirement income is a dynamic system that needs to be adapted constantly to the ever changing economic and societal environment. Sometimes, incremental adaptations suffice; sometimes, however, larger reform steps are necessary. We see this evolutionary process both through history and across countries. Over and again societies are confronted with new challenges, not the least with respect to old age social security. At this juncture of history, almost all industrialized countries face rapid population aging and need. to adapt their pension systems to this historically unprecedented demographic change. The six countries in this study (Chile, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States) have responded very differently to this new challenge. This is the point of departure for this book. Why did the countries respond so differently? What can we learn from each other? It is not the point of this book to provide a universally optimal solution to the pension problems caused by population aging. The six countries are simply too different in terms of their demographic and cultural, and in particular in terms of their historical and economic backgrounds. However, since national discussions tend to be surprisingly narrowly focussed even in times of globalization, there is much to learn by looking over the neighbor' s fence. And since some countries have reformed earlier than others, we even have the benefit of quite a few trials and errors in one country from which all other countries can learn.

Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the welfare state. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life histories in thirteen European countries, collected as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer the important public policy questions of our time how the welfare state affects people 's incomes, housing, families, retirement, volunteering and health. The overarching theme of the welfare state creates a book of genuinely interdisciplinary analyses, a valuable resource for economists, gerontologists, historians, political scientists, public health analysts, and sociologists alike.

Health in later life is shaped by behavior and policies over the life course and reflects the differences between the societies in which we are ageing. This multidisciplinary book answers questions from all life course phases and its interconnections from a European perspective based on the most recent SHARE data, such as: How is our health related to personality traits and influenced by our childhood conditions and careers? Which role does our social network play? Which impacts of the different health care and societal regimes can we trace at older ages? Which are the differences and similarities across European countries?

Fruchtbarer Boden wird mit zunehmendem Bevolkerungsdruck und wachsendem Nahrungsmittelbedarf immer knapper. Ein verantwortungsvoller Umgang mit dieser essentiellen Ressource ist daher dringend notwendig. Mit der Ubersetzung der erfolgreichen Bodenkunde von Rowell liegt nun ein praktisches Lehr- und Methodenbuch vor, mit dem samtliche Bodeneigenschaften gemessen und bewertet werden konnen. Neben den bodenkundlichen Grundlagen werden die Prinzipien der Messverfahren und deren Durchfuhrung ausfuhrlich beschrieben. Auswertung und Interpretation der Messdaten wird durch Rechenbeispiele und Ubungsaufgaben erleichtert. Mit den zahlreichen praktischen "Ubungen im Feld" lassen sich die Labormethoden auch ohne aufwendige Mittel direkt in die Praxis ubertragen."

Der Band stellt Ergebnisse der ersten Befragungswelle des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) vor, in deren Rahmen mehr als 30.000 Personen im Alter 50plus aus 11 Landern befragt wurden. In acht Kapiteln werden verschiedene oekonomische, soziale und gesundheitliche Aspekte des Alterns in Deutschland und Europa beleuchtet. Darin spiegelt sich die disziplinare und thematische Vielfalt sowie das Forschungspotential des SHARE wider, das durch die Moeglichkeit von Langsschnittauswertungen zukunftig noch potenziert wird.

Die "Fallstudien zur VWL" stammen aus der jungeren europaischen Wirtschaftsgeschichte und behandeln aktuelle wirtschaftspolitische Themen. Die "Fallstudien zur VWL" sollen das Erlernen von okonomischen Theorien lebendiger gestalten, den Studierenden die Anwendbarkeit okonomischer Theorien vor Augen fuhren, die empirische Ausbildung in der Volkswirtschaftslehre unterstutzen. Die "Fallstudien zur VWL" decken die zentralen Bereiche der Mikro- und Makrookonomik insbesondere im Grundstudium ab. Sie lassen sich sowohl in der Vorlesung als auch im dazugehorigen Ubungen oder Tutorien einsetzen. Zu jeder Fallstudie gehort eine gesonderte Kurzfassung sowie eine "Theorie-Box," in der die wichtigsten theoretischen Konzepte repetiert werden.
Verzeichnis: Diese "Fallstudien zur VWL" behandeln aktuelle wirtschaftspolitische Themen aus der Mikro- und Makrookonomik. Sie gestalten das Erlernen okonomischer Theorie lebendiger und fuhrt ihre empirische Anwendbarkeit deutlich vor Augen. Zu jeder Fallstudie gehort eine gesonderte Kurzfassung sowie eine "Theorie-Box," in der die wichtigsten theoretischen Konzepte repetiert werden."

Springers Handbuch der VWL stellt in insgesamt 20 Beitragen die wichtigsten Gebiete der Volkswirtschaftslehre vor. Die Beitrage enthalten umfassendes, prufungs- und praxisrelevantes Wissen fur Studenten, Praktiker und Wissenschaftler. Es ist ihr Ziel, dem Leser volkswirtschaftliche Fragen, Methoden und Ergebnisse und die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen okonomischer Analyse zu erlautern und zugleich einen Eindruck davon nahezubringen, warum Volkswirtschaftslehre als Fach interessant ist. Band 2 behandelt die Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik, die Geldpolitik, die Sozialpolitik sowie die Wettbewerbspolitik und die internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen."

Springers Handbuch der VWL stellt in insgesamt 20 Beitragen die wichtigsten Gebiete der Volkswirtschaftslehre vor. Die Beitrage enthalten umfassendes, prufungs- und praxisrelevantes Wissen fur Studenten, Praktiker und Wissenschaftler. Es ist ihr Ziel, dem Leser volkswirtschaftliche Fragen, Methoden und Ergebnisse und die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen okonomischer Analyse zu erlautern und zugleich einen Eindruck davon nahezubringen, warum Volkswirtschaftslehre als Fach interessant ist. "Band 1" behandelt die mikro- und makrookonomische Theorie, die neuesten Entwicklungen der Vertragstheorie, die Okonometrie, die Industrie-, Arbeitsmarkt- und Umweltokonomik und die Analyse der Finanzintermediare."