At first glance the destruction of a target cell by a killer cell seems to be a simple endeavor. A closer look, however, reveals the complex mechanisms underlying this task. Killer cells are able to specifically recognize altered or infected cells. A transient contract with target cells has to be established to allow the delivery of lethal molecules or signals. The killer cell then disengages from the damaged cell and moves away to kill other target cells. After the eradication of the target cells, the number or activity of activated killer cells has to be reduced to avoid nonspecific killing of innocent cells. In 1992, Herman Eisen concluded, in his introductory remarks in the most recent volume on lymphocyte cytotoxicity (EISEN 1993): "Given the immense amount of effort made in the past decade to understand these (lytic) mechanisms, it seems surprising that a consensus about the principal mechanisms has not been reached." Since that time, advances made in the field of cell-mediated cytolysis are so significant that our knowledge regarding the lytic mechanisms has been considerably augmented. Much of this is due to studies with transfectants and mutants-either naturally occurring or generated by gene targeting. It is now clear that there are two predominant pathways which act hand in hand and lead to efficienttarget cell destruction.

Macht ist nicht nur stets auf Kommunikation angewiesen, um sich durchzusetzen und erhalten zu konnen, sondern bereits selbst Ergebnis eines kommunikativen Prozesses. Um diesen Zusammenhangen genauer auf die Spur zu kommen, bedarf es einer neuen kulturhistorischen Perspektive. Der vorliegende Sammelband zeigt anhand einer Vielfalt von Fallstudien zur europaischen Geschichte von der Antike bis in die neueste Zeit, welche faszinierenden Aspekte auf diese Weise hervortreten konnen: Legitimationsstrategien, Anspruche auf hochste Throne, Zugang zum Ohr des Konigs, Theorien kommunikativen Umgangs mit Untertanen, wissenschaftsdisziplinare Exklusionen, Machtzuschreibungen in der Erziehung, Macht und Ohnmacht in der religiosen Kommunikation, literarische Verarbeitungen im Hinblick auf das Todesurteil und den Krieg."

The articles in this volume live up to their declared aim to squarely approach the works of Jeremias Gotthelf (1797-1854) from the perspective of literary scholarship. They take an international angle on aesthetic, genre typological, theological, political and socio-historical aspects of his oeuvre. Outdated and erroneous verdicts are refuted, Gotthelf is regarded against the aesthetic and cultural-historical backdrop of his age and compared with other European authors. The major insight gleaned from this is that his work is not merely the expression of an effort to contribute to the popular education and the politics of his day but can stand as the literary achievement of a major realistic narrator. The volume rounds off with a bibliography and detailed indexes of persons, works and subjects.

The thrust forward into small dimensions with the aid of high magni- fication (6-40 power) under the operating microscope marks an important development in almost all fields of surgery. Neurosurgery, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology have already integrated the binocular mono- scope as an indispensable tool into their armamentarium. General surgery is also making increasing use of it-as is the case with transplantations of autogenous free intestinal grafts. A great "victory march of microsurgery", however, appears to be taking place in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Reimplantation of arms, hands, and especially digits are hardly thinkable today without the possibility of high magnification. New microsurgical anastomosing techniques (interfascicular neurorrhaphy) have also improved the func- tional results after nerve injuries. Time-consuming reconstructive proce- dures, such as the transfer of a distant flap with its physical and psycho- logical burden, are being increasingly replaced by free flaps transplanted by microvascular suture techniques-the most popular free flap being the groin flap in which the superficial circumflex iliac artery and vein is reanastomosed to the recipient vessels. Nevertheless, the writer was sceptical when Dr. TSCHOPP set about with his ambitious plan to transplant a free autogenous rib graft in combination with its adjacent intercostal musculature. The evidence of the results obtained has given the lie to my scepticism. Dr. TSCHOPP has not only succeeded in securing the complete arterial and venous supply to the musculoskeletal graft at the recipient site but has also managed to preserve the functioning entity of nerve and muscle.

Geschichte - darin sind sich Literaturwissenschaft und Geschichtstheorie einig - ist nichts Gegebenes, sondern bildet sich in spezifischen Denkformen und den Sprachmustern, die diese Denkformen realisieren. Einer derart erschriebenen Geschichte widmet sich dieser neue Band, indem er das breite Spektrum des literarischen Umgangs mit Geschichte von der spaten Aufklarung bis zur Gegenwart untersucht und dessen geschichtstheoretische und historiographische Voraussetzungen eroertert. Einleitend stellt der Band die wichtigsten Methoden und Leitaspekte der aktuellen Debatte im Interferenzenfeld von 'Literatur' und 'Geschichte' zur Diskussion. Im Hauptteil wird dann in einer chronologisch gegliederten Reihe von Fallstudien der Zusammenhang von Geschichtsbild und Textverfahren ebenso beleuchtet wie die gesellschaftliche Funktion unterschiedlicher Formen und Gattungen der Geschichtsreprasentation. Damit liegt ein Kompendium vor, das die seit einigen Jahren expandierende Forschung mit Blick auf deren Ertrage fur Literaturwissenschaft und Geschichtstheorie erstmals systematisch erschliesst und damit auch als Einfuhrung in ein aussergewoehnlich vielfaltiges Forschungsfeld dienen kann.

This book simulates a historical walk through nature, teaching readers about the biodiversity on Earth in various eras with a focus on past terrestrial environments. Geared towards a student audience, using simple terms and avoiding long complex explanations, the book discusses the plants and animals that lived on land, the evolution of natural systems, and how these biological systems changed over time in geological and paleontological contexts. With easy-to-understand and scientifically accurate and up-to-date information, readers will be guided through major biological events from the Earth's past. The topics in the book represent a broad paleoenvironmental spectrum of interests and educational modules, allowing for virtual visits to rich geological times. Eras and events that are discussed include, but are not limited to, the much varied Quaternary environments, the evolution of plants and animals during the Cenozoic, the rise of angiosperms, vertebrate evolution and ecosystems in the Mesozoic, the Permian mass extinction, the late Paleozoic glaciation, and the origin of the first trees and land plants in the Devonian-Ordovician. With state-of-the art expert scientific instruction on these topics and up-to-date and scientifically accurate illustrations, this book can serve as an international course for students, teachers, and other interested individuals.

From a historical and systematic perspective, the study analyzes various approaches to the literary portrayal of historical events. Historical prose narratives by 19th century Swiss authors (J. Gotthelf, G. Keller, C.F. Meyer) are examined both in their relationship to contemporary historiography and in the context of a national 'mythology' disseminated by patriotic drama. The aim of the investigation is to point up the complementary and cohesive aspects of literary prose, historiography, and national literature, while casting light on their function in connection with the evolution of an 'inner' nation in the age of historicism.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Die Christliche Seele Im Gebete: Ein Andachtsbuch F. Katholiken. Nebst: ] Anh. V. Meandachten, Megesangen U. Geistlichen Liedern. Mit 18 Illustr 26 Athanas Tschopp Benziger, 1868

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone