The patriarch of experimental pancreas research is REIGNIER DE GRAAF (1641-1673). He carried out the first experiments with dogs in order to ob tain fistular secretion (1664). But only few years later, the just arisen interest in the physiology of the pancreas was severely set back by remarks of CONRAD BRUNNER. In 1682, BRUNNER expressed his belief that on the basis of experi ments he had carried out the pancreas was a vitally unimportant organ. He overlooked that after ligation of the main duct (discovered in the turkey by HOFMAN in 1641 and in a human cadaver by WIRSUNG in 1642), in the dog an accessory duct (described by SANTORINI in 1724) usually maintains an adequate flow of secretion. EBERLE in his monograph (1834) confirmed the emulsifying capacity of the pancreatic juice which had already been suggested by SYLVIUS (FRAN CISCUS DE LE BOE, 1614-1672) and he dealt with the essential enzymatic functions of the pancreatic juice such as amylolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis. Since HEIDENHAIN (1875), we know that for example trypsin (largely isolated by KUHNE in 1867) is situated in the acinar epithelial cells as zymogen in inactive form; it is thought that the action of "acid" on the glandular tissue is needed for inducing the "enzymatic activity." According to what we know now about the central role of acidosis in the activation of zymogen this topic is, of course, of topical interest."

Toxoplasmosis is a ubiquitous infection, contracted by at least a third of the population in most areas of the globe. Clinical disease arises rarely, usually unexpectedly, but sometimes with disastrous effects on the patient. Humans, pets, farm and zoo animals may contract toxoplasmosis, possibly involving any clinical laboratory in its diagnosis. Pathologists must ponder the clinical significance of a hyperplastic l. ymph node, a cyst found at autopsy, or a serologic titer. Serving as scientific physicians, pathologists are asked: How is toxoplasmosis diagnosed? 'What is the treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis, for congenital infection, or for toxoplasmosis in the immunologically compromised host? vVhy does disease develop in as diverse areas as the eye, lymph nodes and placenta? How is Toxoplasma transmitted? This review proposes to survey recent advances, providing a scientific background to diagnose and manage the clinical problems of toxoplasmosis. Reviews are available which emphasize other aspects, such as serologic pro cedures, resistance and immunity (REMINGTON, 1970), the clinical syndromes (DESMONTS, '1969; FELDMAN, 1968) and comprehensive presentations (JACOBS, 1967; FRENI{EL, '1970). Transmission and Prevalence The recent discovery of the coccidian stages of Toxoplasma in the cat intestine and the Toxoplasma oocyst excreted in cat feces, considerably broadens our understanding of Toxoplasma and its transmission (FRENKEL, DUBEY and MILLER, 1970)."

'How is the mind agitated and bewildered, at being thus, as it were, placed on the borders of a new world!' - William Bartram 'Thus you see, dear sister, the manners of mankind do not differ so widely as our voyage writers would have us believe.' - Mary Wortley Montagu With widely varied motives - scientific curiosity, commerce, colonization, diplomacy, exploration, and tourism - British travellers fanned out to every corner of the world in the period the Critical Review labelled the 'Age of Peregrination'. The Empire, already established in the Caribbean and North America, was expanding in India and Africa and founding new outposts in the Pacific in the wake of Captain Cook's voyages. In letters, journals, and books, travellers wrote at first-hand of exotic lands and beautiful scenery, and encounters with strange peoples and dangerous wildlife. They conducted philosophical and political debates in print about slavery and the French Revolution, and their writing often affords unexpected insights into the writers themselves. This anthology brings together the best writing from authors such as Daniel Defoe, Celia Fiennes, Mary Wollstonecraft, Olaudah Equiano, Mungo Park, and many others, to provide a comprehensive selection from this emerging literary genre. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

Geography played a key role in Britain's long national debate over slavery. Writers on both sides of the question represented the sites of slavery - Africa, the Caribbean, and the British Isles - as fully imagined places and the basis for a pro- or anti-slavery political agenda. With the help of twenty-first-century theories of space and place, Elizabeth A. Bohls examines the writings of planters, slaves, soldiers, sailors, and travellers whose diverse geographical and social locations inflect their representations of slavery. She shows how these writers use discourses of aesthetics, natural history, cultural geography, and gendered domesticity to engage with the slavery debate. Six interlinked case studies, including Scottish mercenary John Stedman and domestic slave Mary Prince, examine the power of these discourses to represent the places of slavery, setting slaves' narratives in dialogue with pro-slavery texts, and highlighting in the latter previously unnoticed traces of the enslaved.

Geography played a key role in Britain's long national debate over slavery. Writers on both sides of the question represented the sites of slavery - Africa, the Caribbean, and the British Isles - as fully imagined places and the basis for a pro- or anti-slavery political agenda. With the help of twenty-first-century theories of space and place, Elizabeth A. Bohls examines the writings of planters, slaves, soldiers, sailors, and travellers whose diverse geographical and social locations inflect their representations of slavery. She shows how these writers use discourses of aesthetics, natural history, cultural geography, and gendered domesticity to engage with the slavery debate. Six interlinked case studies, including Scottish mercenary John Stedman and domestic slave Mary Prince, examine the power of these discourses to represent the places of slavery, setting slaves' narratives in dialogue with pro-slavery texts, and highlighting in the latter previously unnoticed traces of the enslaved.

British readers of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries eagerly consumed books of travels in an age of imperial expansion that was also the formative period of modern aesthetics. Beauty, sublimity, sensuous surfaces, and scenic views became conventions of travel writing as Britons applied familiar terms to unfamiliar places around the globe. The social logic of aesthetics, argues Elizabeth Bohls, constructed women, the laboring classes, and non-Europeans as foils against which to define the "man of taste" as an educated, property-owning gentleman. Women writers from Mary Wortley Montagu to Mary Shelley resisted this exclusion from gentlemanly privilege, and their writings re-examine and question aesthetic conventions such as the concept of disinterested contemplation, subtly but insistently exposing its vested interests. Bohls's study expands our awareness of women's intellectual presence in Romantic literature, and suggests Romanticism's sources might be at the peripheries of empire rather than at its center.