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In "Imperialism and Global Political Economy" Alex Callinicos intervenes in one of the main political and intellectual debates of the day. The global policies of the United States in the past decade have encouraged the widespread belief that we live in a new era of imperialism. But is this belief true, and what does 'imperialism' mean? Callinicos explores these questions in this wide-ranging book. In the first part, he critically assesses the classical theories of imperialism developed in the era of the First World War by Marxists such as Lenin, Luxemburg, and Bukharin and by the Liberal economist J.A. Hobson. He then outlines a theory of the relationship between capitalism as an economic system and the international state system, carving out a distinctive position compared to other contemporary theorists of empire and imperialism such as Antonio Negri, David Harvey, Giovanni Arrighi, and Ellen Wood. In the second half of "Imperialism and Global Political Economy" Callinicos traces the history of capitalist imperialism from the Dutch East India Company to the specific patterns of economic and geopolitical competition in the contemporary era of American decline and Chinese expansion. Imperialism, he concludes, is far from dead. ?
'The class war is over. But the struggle for true equality has only
just begun, ' Tony Blair has declared. The world indeed enters the
21st century heaving with poverty and inequality. Just three
super-rich men have a net worth equal to the income of the 36
poorest countries in the world. The gap between rich and poor is
also growing in the advanced economies as well. 14 million people,
a quarter of the population of the United Kingdom are currently
classified as poor, compared to only four million in 1979. In this important new book, Alex Callinicos explores the meaning
of equality in the contemporary world. He traces its origins as a
political ideal in the great democratic revolutions of the 17th and
the 18th century, and in the efforts of the socialist movement to
force capitalism to live up to its promise of liberty, equality and
fraternity. Callinicos also shows how the theories of egalitarian
justice developed over the past generation by philosophers such as
John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, Amartya Sen and G. A. Cohen have given
a much more precise meaning to the ideal of equality. Individuals
are entitled to be protected from the consequences of circumstances
beyond their control - for example, the socio-economic position and
the natural talents they inherit - in order to have equal freedom
to pursue their own well-being. The implications of egalitarian justice are radical. Callinicos
critically reviews the versions of this ideal - equality of
opportunity and social inclusion - by supporters of the Third Way
such as Gordon Brown and Anthony Giddens. He argues that the
strategy pursued by New Labour to increase equality is riddled with
contradictions and contains anunderlying authoritarian dimension.
Fundamentally, equality and the market are irreconcilable. Any
attempt seriously to increase social equality will come into
conflict with the logic of the capitalist economic system. Only a
socialist society, organized along democratic and decentralized
lines, can realize the ideal of equality. This book will be of great interest to students of politics, philosophy and sociology, and all those interested in this key and controversial topic.
In this timely book, Alex Callinicos explores the real meaning of
the Bush Doctrine. He deconstructs the rhetorical justifications of
the 'war on terrorism' and analyses the strategy of the Republican
neoconservatives who now dominate American foreign policy.
Social criticism has enjoyed a renaissance in the past few years. The anti-globalization protests at Seattle and Genoa and the great marches against the war in Iraq have put contestation of capitalism and imperialism back on the political and intellectual agenda. But how does social critique situate itself philosophically today, after the marginalization of Marxism and the impact of postmodernism? In "The Resources of Critique," Alex Callinicos seeks to address this question systematically. He does so, in the first part, by surveying some of the most influential contemporary critical theorists Alain Badiou, Jacques Bidet, Luc Boltanski, Pierre Bourdieu, Eve Chiapello, Jurgen Habermas, Antonio Negri and Slavoj Zižek. The limitations of all these theorists perspectives prompts Callinicos in the second part of the book to outline an alternative approach whose main elements are a critical realist ontology, a Marxist theory of social contradiction, and an egalitarian conception of justice. The main thrust of his argument is to show that Marx's critique of political economy remains inescapable for anyone seeking to challenge the existing world order but only if it maintains an open but rigorous dialogue with other critical perspectives. "The Resources of Critique" is, above all, a contribution to this dialogue.
The Third Way is the political philosophy of Tony Blair and New
Labour in Britain, Bill Clinton in the United States, and Gerhard
Schroder in Germany. Defended most forcefully by Anthony Giddens,
it claims to offer a strategy for renewing the Centre Left that
avoids the free-market liberalism of the New Right and the state
socialism of the Old Left. In "Against the Third Way" Alex Callinicos develops a
fundamental critique of this philosophy. He argues that Third Way
governments have continued the neoliberal policies of their
conservative predecessors. They have promoted the interests of the
multinational corporations, privatized areas where Ronald Reagan or
Margaret Thatcher dared not go, and allowed social and economic
inequality to continue growing. Callinicos also attacks the
theoretical underpinnings of the Third Way. He challenges the idea
that the 'knowledge economy' is freeing us from the contradictions
of capitalism, denies that New Labour has coherent strategies for
achieving greater equality or reconciling the interests of
individual and community, and argues that what is called 'political
globalization' - the higher profile of international institutions
such as NATO, the IMF, and the WTO - masks the assertion of
American imperial power. The best hope for the Left, Callinicos contends, lies in the emergence of an international movement against global capitalism with the protests at Seattle, Prague, and elsewhere. Those who want to see real change should be challenging the logic of the market rather than, like Blair and Clinton, extending its dominion.
The great demonstrations at Seattle and Genoa have shown that we
are in a new era of protest. The neo-liberal economic policies
pursued by the Group of Seven leading industrial countries and the
international institutions they control are provoking widespread
resistance. Growing numbers of people in all five continents are
rejecting the values of the market and the vision of a world made
safe for the multinational corporations.
But what does the anti-globalization movement stand for? Is it,
as its most common name suggests, against globalization itself? Is
it opposed merely to the neo-liberal Washington Consensus that
became dominant in the 1980s and 1990s, or is its real enemy the
capitalist system itself? The World Social Forum at Porto Alegre
has popularized the slogan 'Another World is Possible'. But what is
that world? Alex Callinicos seeks to answer these questions in "An Anti-Capitalist Manifesto," He analyses the development of the movement, distinguishes between the different political forces within it, and explores the strategic dilemmas - notably over violence and the nation-state - that it increasingly confronts. He argues that the movement is directed against capitalism itself. The logic of competitive accumulation that drives this system is not only increasing global inequality and economic instability, but threatens ecological catastrophe and appalling conflict. To meet the challenge of global capitalism the new protest movement requires, according to Callinicos, a creative synthesis of its own inclusive and dynamic style and the best of the classical Marxist tradition.
In Imperialism and Global Political Economy Alex Callinicos intervenes in one of the main political and intellectual debates of the day. The global policies of the United States in the past decade have encouraged the widespread belief that we live in a new era of imperialism. But is this belief true, and what does 'imperialism' mean?
It has become an intellectual commonplace to claim that we have entered the era of post-modernity'. Three themes are embraced in this claim - the poststructuralist critique by Foucault, Derrida and others of the philosophical heritage of the Enlightenment, the supposed impasse of the High Modern art and its replacement by new artistic forms, and the alleged emergence of 'post-industrial' societies whose structures are beyond the ken of Marx and other theorists of industrial capitalism. 'Against Postmodernism' takes issue with all these themes. It challenges the idealist irrationalism of poststructuralism. It questions the existence of any radical break separating Post-modern from Modern art. And it denies that recent socio-economic developments represent any fundamental shift from classical patterns of capital accumulation. Drawing on philosophy and cultural history, 'Against Postmodernism' takes issue with some of the most forthright critics of post-modernism - Jurgen Habermas and Frederic Jameson, for example. But it is most distinctive in that it offers a historical reading of these theories. Post-modernism, Alex Callinicos argues, reflects the disappointed revolutionary generation of '68, and the incorporation of many of its members into the professional and managerial new middle class'. It is best read as a symptom of political frustration and social mobility rather than as a significant intellectual or cultural phenomenon in its own right.
Social criticism has enjoyed a renaissance in the past few years. The anti-globalization protests at Seattle and Genoa and the great marches against the war in Iraq have put contestation of capitalism and imperialism back on the political and intellectual agenda. But how does social critique situate itself philosophically today, after the marginalization of Marxism and the impact of postmodernism? In "The Resources of Critique," Alex Callinicos seeks to address this question systematically. He does so, in the first part, by surveying some of the most influential contemporary critical theorists Alain Badiou, Jacques Bidet, Luc Boltanski, Pierre Bourdieu, Eve Chiapello, Jurgen Habermas, Antonio Negri and Slavoj Zižek. The limitations of all these theorists perspectives prompts Callinicos in the second part of the book to outline an alternative approach whose main elements are a critical realist ontology, a Marxist theory of social contradiction, and an egalitarian conception of justice. The main thrust of his argument is to show that Marx's critique of political economy remains inescapable for anyone seeking to challenge the existing world order but only if it maintains an open but rigorous dialogue with other critical perspectives. "The Resources of Critique" is, above all, a contribution to this dialogue.
"Theories and Narratives" explores the relationship between social theory and historical writing. Its aim is to establish the contribution that theory can make to understanding the past. Pursuing this objective, Alex Callinicos critically confronts a number of leading attempts to reconceptualize the meaning of history, including Francis Fukuyama's rehabilitation of Hegel's philosophy of history and the postmodernist efforts of Hayden White and others to deny the existence of a past independent of our representations of it. In these cases philosophical arguments are pursued in tandem with discussions of historical interpretations of, respectively, Stalinism and the Holocaust. Leading theories of history - Marx's and Weber's - are then critically compared in the context of the work of recent writers such as Michael Mann, W. G. Runciman and Robert Brenner. Finally, the politics of historical theory is explored in a discussion of Marxism's claims to be a universal theory of human progress. Swimming against the tide of contemporary fashion, "Theories and Narratives "seeks to rebut the claim made by many postmodernists that Marxism is inherently Eurocentric in both its conceptual structures and political practice. Marx's project of human emancipation, it concludes, still defines our political horizons.
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