A unique and balanced combination of translation and interpreting studies, edited and written by leading voices in the fields In Introduction to Translation and Interpreting Studies, accomplished scholars Aline Ferreira and John W. Schwieter have brought together a detailed and comprehensive introductory-level textbook covering the essential aspects of translation and interpreting studies. Through chapters authored by leading voices in the field, this book covers topics of theoretical and conceptual relevance--such as the history of the development of the field and methods for understanding gender, society, and culture as aspects of the role of the interpreter--as well as critical topics in the application of theory to real world practice. Beginning with an authoritative treatment of the theoretical developments that have defined the field since the early 1970s, this textbook first describes the influential work of such figures as Jakobson, Holmes, and Toury, thus ensuring students develop a thorough understanding of the history and theoretical underpinnings of the fields of translation and interpreting studies. The text then begins to introduce grounded discussions of interpreting in specialized fields such as legal and healthcare interpreting and sign language translation. Learning is reinforced throughout the text through pedagogical features including reflection questions, highlighted key words, further readings, and chapter objectives. Instructors will also have access to companion website with PowerPoint slides and multiple-choice questions to support classroom application. Truly a unique work in translation and interpreting studies, this essential new textbook offers: A thorough introduction to the fields of translation and interpreting with discussion of applications to interdisciplinary topics Explorations of translation machines and technology, including their history and recent trends Practical discussions of culture, gender, and society in the context of translation and interpreting studies, as well as training and pedagogical issues in translation and interpreting A concise examination of translation process research and methods, including the mental processes and actions that people take while translating Complementary web materials including PowerPoint slides and practice questions Ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in programs in such as linguistics, language studies, and communications, or for those who plan to work in translation and/or interpreting, Introduction to Translation and Interpreting Studies will earn a place in the libraries of anyone interested in a reader-friendly translation and interpreting resource.

The idea of human cloning has fascinated writers and philosophers for centuries and has been dramatized in myths and fiction. This volume traces these fictional illustrations of human cloning from some of the earlier manifestations to more contemporary responses. Using a feminist and psychoanalytic perspective, this book examines parthenogenesis and other related fantasies, and argues that cloning could be an important tool in helping women achieve a more egalitarian status. Ferreira contemplates the new psychological implication for humanity that will arise as a result of the development and application of genetic engineering and the possible implementation of human cloning. This is one of the first books wholly devoted to a specifically literary analysis of the many issues surrounding the fantasy of human cloning, which could in fact become a reality at any moment. It makes it a timely contribution to the controversial political, social, ethical, cultural, and philosophical debate on cloning and its numerous ramifications.

The Via Afrika intermediate phase graded readers are divided into three sets of twelve readers: a Grade 4 level, a Grade 5 level and a Grade 6 level. However, you may find it useful to use all three sets in one grade to give learners an opportunity to read at their correct level. Learners should read books that are on their level or slightly below it, so that they can read easily and fluently. The reader should contain very few words that the learner cannot read or understand from the context. Once a learner has read all the books on a particular level, the learner can go on to the next level. Each set of readers is graded from an easy level (suitable for learners reading at the simplest level) to more difficult levels (suitable for the learner reading at the higher levels of the grade). There are fiction readers, non-fiction readers and readers that are a mixture of fact and fiction. Each reader includes a few questions to think about or for discussion in a group. Use the Via Afrika intermediate phase graded readers for independent reading, pair reading or guided group reading.

Hypermedia technology needs a creative approach from the outset in the design of software to facilitate human thinking and learning. This book opens a discussion of the potential of hypermedia and related approaches to provide open exploratory learning environments. The papers in the book are based on contributions to a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in July1990 and are grouped into six sections: - Semantic networking as cognitive tools, - Expert systems as cognitive tools, - Hypertext as cognitive tools, - Collaborative communication tools, - Microworlds: context-dependent cognitive tools, - Implementing cognitive tools. The book will be valuable for those who design, implement and evaluate learning programs and who seek to escape from rigid tactics like programmed instruction and behavioristic approaches. The book presents principles for exploratory systems that go beyond existing metaphors of instruction and provokes the reader to think in a new way about the cognitive level of human-computer interaction.

Few countries have experienced as many political and economic changes as Mozambique. A vast and diverse country, it faced a particularly difficult start after a long period of colonial dominance followed by a deadly war that formally ended only in 1992. However, despite impressive growth after multi-party elections, Mozambique's pattern of growth is fragmented, not sustainable and non-inclusive. Investigating the deep factors that undermine economic development, Mozambique at a Fork in the Road offers an insightful analysis of the historical and political context of Mozambique and its institutional constraints to economic development. It examines sectors that are critical for sustainable growth, such as agriculture, that receive low priority, and the frequent shocks in strategic policy that result in the absence of a clear national development vision. Building on a core set of thematic chapters, this compelling diagnostic tool provides a thorough and structured approach to understanding institutional dimensions of development. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

This book deals with a hard problem that is inherent to human language: ambiguity. In particular, we focus on author name ambiguity, a type of ambiguity that exists in digital bibliographic repositories, which occurs when an author publishes works under distinct names or distinct authors publish works under similar names. This problem may be caused by a number of reasons, including the lack of standards and common practices, and the decentralized generation of bibliographic content. As a consequence, the quality of the main services of digital bibliographic repositories such as search, browsing, and recommendation may be severely affected by author name ambiguity. The focal point of the book is on automatic methods, since manual solutions do not scale to the size of the current repositories or the speed in which they are updated. Accordingly, we provide an ample view on the problem of automatic disambiguation of author names, summarizing the results of more than a decade of research on this topic conducted by our group, which were reported in more than a dozen publications that received over 900 citations so far, according to Google Scholar. We start by discussing its motivational issues (Chapter 1). Next, we formally define the author name disambiguation task (Chapter 2) and use this formalization to provide a brief, taxonomically organized, overview of the literature on the topic (Chapter 3). We then organize, summarize and integrate the efforts of our own group on developing solutions for the problem that have historically produced state-of-the-art (by the time of their proposals) results in terms of the quality of the disambiguation results. Thus, Chapter 4 covers HHC - Heuristic-based Clustering, an author name disambiguation method that is based on two specific real-world assumptions regarding scientific authorship. Then, Chapter 5 describes SAND - Self-training Author Name Disambiguator and Chapter 6 presents two incremental author name disambiguation methods, namely INDi - Incremental Unsupervised Name Disambiguation and INC- Incremental Nearest Cluster. Finally, Chapter 7 provides an overview of recent author name disambiguation methods that address new specific approaches such as graph-based representations, alternative predefined similarity functions, visualization facilities and approaches based on artificial neural networks. The chapters are followed by three appendices that cover, respectively: (i) a pattern matching function for comparing proper names and used by some of the methods addressed in this book; (ii) a tool for generating synthetic collections of citation records for distinct experimental tasks; and (iii) a number of datasets commonly used to evaluate author name disambiguation methods. In summary, the book organizes a large body of knowledge and work in the area of author name disambiguation in the last decade, hoping to consolidate a solid basis for future developments in the field.

A comprehensive, cost-effective textbook. Simplified explanations of complex conceptsHundred of solved problemsNumerous problem solving techniques exploredReal life mathematical problems with easy solutions

Anaesthetic drugs with a rapid onset of action and a short half-live, such as the hypnotic propofol and the analgesic opioid remifentanil, allow easy control of the anaesthetic depth and noxious stimuli associated to surgical interventions, and reveal most of the potential of target controlled infusion for general anaesthesia. Furthermore, mathematical models were incorporated in microcomputers in delivery system devices, calculating the drug concentrations in the blood and brain, according to the infusion rate. This book approaches the characteristics of propofol and remifentanil that allow the fast emergence of target controlled infusion for general anaesthesia, and its potential for closed loop control anaesthesia.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ La Idea De Artigas: o, La Formacion De La Gran Republica Oriental. Dedicada A La Juventud De Los Paises De Que Ella Se Debe Formar J. Miguel Diaz Ferreira History; Americas; History / Americas