Personology - From individual to ecosystem fifth edition explains the widest spectrum of personality theories and approaches in the clearest way possible.

Traditional approaches to personality theories and cutting-edge theories are comprehensively covered. The methodological approach stresses the practical implications of the theories and perspectives for everyday living. Attention is given to research, particularly to relevant South African research, and emphasis is placed on the historical development of the broad approaches and the way in which the theories within an approach are linked.

This fifth edition of Personology - From individual to ecosystem includes a wealth of enrichment sections with video URLs, practical activities, examples and review questions. Digital support material for this fifth edition of Personology - From individual to ecosystem provides students with additional summaries, examples, enrichment sections and practice questions and answers, including research and application questions with guidelines.

The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is one of the largest-scale research collaborations in global health, distilling a wide range of health information to provide estimates and projections for more than 350 diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 195 countries. Its results are a critical tool informing researchers, policy-makers, and others working to promote health around the globe. A study like the GBD is, of course, extremely complex from an empirical perspective. But it also raises a large number of complex ethical and philosophical questions that have been explored in a series of collaborations over the past twenty years among epidemiologists, philosophers, economists, and policy scholars. The essays in this volume address issues of current and urgent concern to the GBD and other epidemiological studies, including rival understandings of causation, the aggregation of complex health data, temporal discounting, age-weighting, and the valuation of health states. The volume concludes with a set of chapters discussing how epidemiological data should and should not be used. Better appreciating the philosophical dimensions of a study like the GBD can make possible a more sophisticated interpretation of its results, and it can improve epidemiological studies in the future, so that they are better suited to produce results that can help us to improve global health.

Of every thousand children born in Iceland, two will die before their first birthday, but in Mozambique the death rate is sixty times higher. Even within countries - including some of the wealthiest - inequalities in longevity and health can be substantial. In recent years, epidemiologists have documented the extent of these inequalities both between and within countries, stimulating in turn research both on their sources and on possible means for their alleviation. These extensive and influential efforts in research and in policy development have raised health inequalities to a prominent position among the central concerns of both national and global health.
Less attention has been given to careful analysis and refinement of some key concepts and values that guide and motivate these studies of health inequalities. The essays in this book demonstrate the need to identify and debate alternative positions on the choice of measures of health inequality; the definitions of 'inequality' and 'inequity' in health, and their interrelationship; the ethical basis for attaching priority to narrowing gaps in longevity and health among individuals, groups, and societies; and the possible solutions to a series of puzzles involving uncertainty and variable population size.
The authors of these essays are philosophers, economists, epidemiologists, and physicians contributing to our understanding of ethical issues in population health. Their contributions will be of interest to anyone interested in inequalities in health, including specialists in health policy, public health, epidemiology, moral philosophy, demography, and health economics.

A popular and easy-to-use guide, this book is a must-have tool for clinical consultations in genetics and genomic medicine. Ideal for quick reference during practice, it covers the process of diagnosis, investigation, management, and counselling for patients. With a strong evidence base and international guidelines, it puts reliable and trustworthy guidance at your fingertips. Designed for use as a first-line guide, the A to Z format ensures it's accessible, and the simple layout makes it easy to assimilate information. Highly illustrated, the book also contains up-to-date glossaries of terms used in genetics and dysmorphology providing quick reference for key concepts. The second edition is an eagerly anticipated update of the gold standard in the specialty. It covers new developments in the field, particularly the advent of genome-wide sequencing and major updates in cancer. Fifteen new topics have been added, including Sudden cardiac death, Neonatal screening, and Ciliopathies. The authors have used their experience to devise a practical clinical approach to many common genetic referrals, both outpatient and ward based. The most common Mendelian disorders, chromosomal disorders, congenital anomalies and syndromes are all covered, and where available diagnostic criteria are included. In addition there are chapters on familial cancer and pregnancy-related topics such as fetal anomalies, teratogens, prenatal and pre-implantation diagnosis and non-invasive prenatal testing. The book also provides information on the less common situations where management is particularly complex. Both practical and pertinent, Oxford Desk Reference: Clinical Genetics and Genomics is the companion you need by your side during clinical consultations.

Health systems need to set priorities fairly. In one way or another, part of this important task will fall to physicians. How do they make judgments about resource stewardship, and how should they do so? How can they make such decisions in a manner that is compatible with their clinical duties to patients? In this book, philosophers, bioethicists, physicians, lawyers and health policy experts make the case that priority setting and rationing contribute significantly to the possibility of affordable and fair healthcare and that clinicians play an indispensable role in that process. The book depicts the results of a survey of European physicians about their experiences with rationing and other cost containment strategies, and their perception of scarcity and fairness in their health care systems. Responding to and complementing these findings, commentators discuss why resource allocation and bedside rationing is necessary and justifiable. The book explores how bedside rationing relates to clinical judgments about medical necessity and medical indications, marginal benefits, weak evidence based medicine, off-label use. The book highlights how comparative studies of health care systems can advance more effective and fair bedside rationing through learning from one another. From a practical standpoint, the book offers a number of strategies for health care systems and clinicians to work in tandem to allocate and ration resources as fairly as possible: how to foster more attention to fairness when rationing at the bedside, how to avoid exacerbating health disparities when allocating resources, how to teach about bedside rationing to students, how to discuss rationing more explicitly in the public arena and in the doctor's office.

Health systems need to set priorities fairly. In one way or another, part of this important task will fall to physicians. How do they make judgments about resource stewardship, and how should they do so? How can they make such decisions in a manner that is compatible with their clinical duties to patients? In this book, philosophers, bioethicists, physicians, lawyers and health policy experts make the case that priority setting and rationing contribute significantly to the possibility of affordable and fair healthcare and that clinicians play an indispensable role in that process. The book depicts the results of a survey of European physicians about their experiences with rationing and other cost containment strategies, and their perception of scarcity and fairness in their health care systems. Responding to and complementing these findings, commentators discuss why resource allocation and bedside rationing is necessary and justifiable. The book explores how bedside rationing relates to clinical judgments about medical necessity and medical indications, marginal benefits, weak evidence based medicine, off-label use. The book highlights how comparative studies of health care systems can advance more effective and fair bedside rationing through learning from one another. From a practical standpoint, the book offers a number of strategies for health care systems and clinicians to work in tandem to allocate and ration resources as fairly as possible: how to foster more attention to fairness when rationing at the bedside, how to avoid exacerbating health disparities when allocating resources, how to teach about bedside rationing to students, how to discuss rationing more explicitly in the public arena and in the doctor's office.

Cataract affects at least fifty million people worldwide. Conventional methods of correction have always been thick spectacles and surgery. With the current changes in the approach to cataract treatment, the optometrist's role in the early detection and management of cataract is crucial. * Written specifically for optometrists by optometrists * Essential background information is provided together with more detailed aspects of clinical management * The book is well illustrated and fully up to date with the latest clinical and research findings

This book is about evolution, origin of evil, our purposes, and God's biblical promises, with corresponding verses. It explains verses that are found in the Bible that preachers or other leaders don't even mention, because they either don't know how to explain or have lack of understanding with a possibility of not believing in the verses. There are biblical and online sources that further explain the subtopics of this book.