Toxicity Assessment Alternatives: Methods, Issues, Opportunities contains a broad array of critical surveys, contributed by active and respected investigators, describing their research and offering updates on toxicity assessment alternatives, directions determined by current and future grant programs, opportunities for mechanistically based test methods to detect endocrine disruptor activity, the use of alternatives in the Department of Defense hazard assessment initiatives, and the issues and opportunities for validation and regulatory acceptance. Several of these advances make use oftransgenic models that reduce the time and cost of carcinogenicity testing. Others use tissue cultures for the assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes are applicable as models for sulfur mustard lesions, and in vitro protein denaturation is used as a chemical test for assessing the ocular and dermal irritation potential of cosmetic prod ucts. Molecular modeling is applied to explaining chemical toxicity. Commercially developed assay systems have undergone extensive evaluation by their manufacturers. Some of these await external valida tion, and others await acceptance by North American and European regulatory agencies. Toxicity Assessment Alternatives: Methods, Issues, Opportunities provides information from members of the scientific and regulatory communities on what has been achieved and what has been accepted in alternatives to animal testing."

The last years of the 20th Century may well have reflected a brief "golden age" for human resource management. In an economy where ideas and capital were plentiful, the critical facet for success increasingly became human resources. Having the people on hand, with the right skills to bring new products into existence with a first mover advantage became the definitive factor. As a result, policies and initiatives at the intersection of entrepreneurship and human resource management proliferated in an unprecedented way, and is the focus of this volume. As is traditional for this series, the volume includes two major reviews: of HRM in entrepreneurship and of stock related rewards. The volume also includes papers on topics emerging from the retrospective of the dot-com boom and bust, such as optimal methods of recruitment for smaller firms, defining and assessing the new concept of person-entrepreneurship fit, and the impact of union relationships on small high-performance firms.

These papers provide an ongoing exploration of the major current theoretical and methodological efforts in the fields of entrepreneurship, small and family business growth and firm emergence and growth.

Among the major ways researchers think about research topics and approaches, the lesson of these ten chapters by many of the new breed of European entrepreneurship researchers is that those values and world-views which have traditionally been the hallmark of the European approach, remain evident as the underpinnings of the new breed approach. In doing so, the field of entrepreneurship will grow in terms of the range of ideas, data sources, and techniques. It will also grow more competitive, initially through the addition of new people, but as their ideas begin to gain traction, as differing worldviews and approaches come to the fore, and perhaps sometimes into conflict. However, that sort of exchange, one which broadens each participant, is what science and academia is all about, and the new breed, through efforts such as the volume you are holding, are working to initiate that process.
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*Highlights "new breed" thinking
*Focuses on Europeanentrepreneurship

This eighth volume in the series Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth focuses on international entrepreneurship. We are fortunate to draw on scholars both new to the field as well as some of those who founded this unique speciality. Topics include: international social capital, technology sharing and foreign market learning in internationalizing entrepreneurial firms; export performance of new ventures in the Finnish and Indian Software industries; institutional and economic influences on Internet adoption and accelerated firm internationalization; the role of strategic adaptation and networking capabilities in explaining new venture growth in international markets; illustration of the ???small world??? phenomenon to discuss network analysis tools that can be applied to international entrepreneurship research; an institutional perspective and cross-national comparison of incubated firms; a discussion of the means to achieving excellence in international entrepreneurship education; the export intensity of venture capital backed companies; and capability development, learning and growth in international entrepreneurial firms within China.

This collection offers up poetry of sex, passion, humor and pathos to illuminate many of the frailties represented by the suicidal biochemist in us all; and should also be of special interest to admirers of Charles Simic and H.P. Lovecraft.

This work contains papers reporting on the structure, utilization and analytic concerns arising from the use of the major datasets in small business and entrepreneurship research including: the National Federation of Independent Businesses surveys; US Small Business Administration datasets; the General Social Survey; the US Current Population Surveys; the Panel Study of Income Dynamics; and, many others from around the world.

The chapters presented here provide the reader with an awareness of the divergent views of what constitutes racism and frameworks for reducing it. This book points out that the dialogue and research on this subject since the mid-1970s have yielded increased contro versy over the theories, foundation, and continued existence of racism. Ironically, what we viewed in the 1954Brown decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964as the beginning of the end of racism turned out to be the beginning of confusion over the course of action to ensure societal acceptance of political mandates. Hence, the title of this book captures the essence of the emotional core of any forum for examining racism, past and present. One of the most controversial forums has been that ofeducation, beginning with the D.S. Supreme Court's 1954ruling in Brown v. Board oi Education. Behind every event that has spawned controversy is a profile in courage. It was not a simple decision for the players in the scenario of the Brown v. Board oi Education case to step forward and present themselves as evidence of discrimination. Blackparents supported by black organizations viewed this legal action as a chance for equal opportunity. Yet, the 1950s were a time when black communities were pained by the thought that bigotry and institutional racism would forever stand in the way of their achieving equality."

This series provides an annual examination of the major current research, theoretical and methodological efforts in the field of entrepreneurship and its related disciplines of small business, family business and population ecology, as well as firm growth and emergence research.

Volume 12 will consider the timely issue of entrepreneurship and family business. Papers consider the issues, problems, contexts, or processes that make a family firm more entrepreneurial. A representative, but by no means exhaustive, listing of relevant topics includes: the emergence and growth of family businesses, and founding conditions unique to family firms; maintaining the entrepreneurial spirit of the founding generation; the role of family in corporate entrepreneurship; the use of entrepreneurial policies, practices and strategies by family firms; outcomes attributable to differences between more and less entrepreneurial family firms; family firm versus non-family firm approaches to entrepreneurial decision making; entrepreneurial characteristics and practices across the generations of a family firm; entrepreneurship as an avenue to strategically renew family firms; and, the allocation of family-based resources to entrepreneurial endeavors.

Volume 18 will focus on approaches to thinking about and creating the start-up. Both theoretical and empirical manuscripts that consider all aspects of start-up planning, thinking and action will be considered. We also encourage practice-based research and manuscripts that explore cutting-edge pedagogical approaches. The papers in Advances reflect many state-of-the-art topics and approaches, and are written by leading researches in the field, making each volume an important source of information for virtually all entrepreneurship researchers. One of the distinctive competences of research volumes such as Advances is that the chapters can be published without page restrictions allowing for greater detail in the background, development, and implementation of ideas than is possible in journal articles. This provides authors with the opportunity to fully express their key ideas, provide much more complete support, and include relevant multi-page appendices. In effect, the Advances series provides authors the opportunity to publish an "article of record" of their major theoretical or empirical ideas, and see it disseminated to a wide audience.

Norman Katz has secured a top spot as one of the Top 50 Global Thought Leaders and Influencers on Supply Chain 2020. Even the largest companies find managing vendors a daunting task. If you get it wrong then you risk inadvertently penalizing potentially valuable suppliers with misguided, overly bureaucratic or costly processes. Worse the burdens placed on the vendors backfires on the customer entity itself as the customer is subjected to the increased operational costs of managing the ramifications of the ill-conceived or poorly implemented requirement through the vendor community, driving up its own operational costs and increasing frustrations for all, straining the customer-vendor relationship. Effective compliance programs balance the requirements with the capabilities of their suppliers, striving to educate instead of just inform. A well-run program should help vendors self-implement and control costs, not force vendors to rely on constant communication and increase costs for all trading partners involved. Successful Supply Chain Vendor Compliance explains the technical, process and cultural elements that go into a successful compliance program. Norman Katz exposes the weaknesses in traditional programs and identifies the characteristics of well-managed programs that foster beneficial trading partner relationships. He shows how a well-executed vendor compliance program can control and decrease costs by reducing disruptions throughout the supply chain, from the distribution center to the data center to the corporate office. Competition is fierce, and the right vendor can help you define a business model, react quickly to changes, and differentiate between you and your competitors. See the latest Forbes article on Abusive Compliance Practices!

This series provides an annual examination of the major current research, theoretical and methodological efforts in the field of entrepreneurship and its related disciplines of small business, family business and population ecology, as well as firm growth and emergence research.

Experiments in Nuclear Science is an introductory-level laboratory manual providing hands-on opportunities for developing insights into the origins and properties of nuclear radiations, their interactions with matter, their detection and measurement, and their applications in the physical and life sciences. Based on experiments successfully performed by hundreds of students at Rutgers University and the University of Wisconsin, this manual can be used as a stand-alone volume or alongside a textbook such as Introduction to Nuclear Science by Jeff C. Bryan. Relevant to a range of courses Each of the 32 exercises includes an overview of the scientific phenomenon, instructions for conducting the experiments and recording the data, directions for analyzing the data and reporting the results, specific questions relating to the experiments, and several problems relating to the scientific phenomena being investigated. Validated for safety and pedagogy in the undergraduate instructional laboratory, the exercises can be used in an undergraduate course in nuclear science. Individual exercises can also be adopted to demonstrate fundamental principles in a general science course as well as introductory biology and chemistry courses. Making use of off-the-shelf instrumentation, these exercises can be performed in a conventional laboratory under the supervision of an experienced instructor. Applicable to numerous career fields Demonstrating fundamental principles, the concepts explored through these experiments are relevant to a host of career opportunities, including those in the health sciences, the nuclear power industry, regulatory agencies, and waste management services.

The lungs provide a significant opportunity for the introduction of both therapeutic and toxic chemicals into the human body. In occupational and domestic environments, hazardous chemicals can enter the body through the lungs via gases, aerosols, and particulates from natural and anthropogenic sources. Fully updated with new research and discoveries since the last edition, Inhalation Toxicology, Third Edition presents contributions from internationally recognized scientists in the academic, commercial/industrial, and governmental sectors. A pragmatic resource for practicing professionals and students, the book comprehensively examines the relationship between the respiratory system and the toxicology of inhaled substances. Topics include: Regulatory aspects of exposure and testing Testing equipment and procedures Respiratory allergy and irritation of the respiratory tract Risk assessment Toxicology theory Toxicology modeling Toxic effects of some individual toxicants New topics in this third edition include collection and characterization of airborne particulate matter, the inhalation toxicology of asbestos fibers and nanoparticles, and the development of lung-on-a-chip technology for predicting in vivo responses. Each chapter concludes with thought-provoking questions and answers, enhancing the book's educational utility.

Norman Katz has secured a top spot as one of the Top 50 Global Thought Leaders and Influencers on Supply Chain 2020. For most large organizations, the supply chain is a commercial advantage, enabling innovation, cost management and resilience. But the supply chain is open to fraud: the length and complexity of it creates opportunities for fraudsters to exploit phantom inventory, invent non-existent customers or suppliers, substitute one product for another, cheat on the quality...this list goes on. These frauds present a significant source of additional cost to the organization and expose it to a host of secondary risks: contract, compliance and reputation. Detecting and Reducing Supply Chain Fraud is a pragmatic guide to identifying and managing sources of risk. Norman A. Katz explains the main categories of fraud risk: what they are, what is their significance and how they are exploited by the fraudster. He also explores both the tactical and strategic approaches that you should adopt to help detect and reduce fraud, including detection techniques and the use of technology. He provides tactics for increasing your organization's resilience: increased transparency, appropriate governance, and engaging employees, customers and suppliers in more ethical work practices. If you are responsible for your organization's supply chain, or perhaps involved in audit, compliance or risk management, start using Detecting and Reducing Supply Chain Fraud and look more closely at every aspect of your supply chain, both internal and external. The savings made in fraud reduction, the increased resilience you will give all of your operations and the improved reputation that your business will enjoy, as a contract partner or amongst stakeholders, will repay your investment a hundred-fold.

The lungs provide a significant opportunity for the introduction of both therapeutic and toxic chemicals into the human body. In occupational and domestic environments, hazardous chemicals can enter the body through the lungs via gases, aerosols, and particulates from natural and anthropogenic sources. Fully updated with new research and discoveries since the last edition, Inhalation Toxicology, Third Edition presents contributions from internationally recognized scientists in the academic, commercial/industrial, and governmental sectors. A pragmatic resource for practicing professionals and students, the book comprehensively examines the relationship between the respiratory system and the toxicology of inhaled substances. Topics include: Regulatory aspects of exposure and testing Testing equipment and procedures Respiratory allergy and irritation of the respiratory tract Risk assessment Toxicology theory Toxicology modeling Toxic effects of some individual toxicants New topics in this third edition include collection and characterization of airborne particulate matter, the inhalation toxicology of asbestos fibers and nanoparticles, and the development of lung-on-a-chip technology for predicting in vivo responses. Each chapter concludes with thought-provoking questions and answers, enhancing the book's educational utility.

Norman Katz has secured a top spot as one of the Top 50 Global Thought Leaders and Influencers on Supply Chain 2020. For most large organizations, the supply chain is a commercial advantage, enabling innovation, cost management and resilience. But the supply chain is open to fraud: the length and complexity of it creates opportunities for fraudsters to exploit phantom inventory, invent non-existent customers or suppliers, substitute one product for another, cheat on the quality...this list goes on. These frauds present a significant source of additional cost to the organization and expose it to a host of secondary risks: contract, compliance and reputation. Detecting and Reducing Supply Chain Fraud is a pragmatic guide to identifying and managing sources of risk. Norman A. Katz explains the main categories of fraud risk: what they are, what is their significance and how they are exploited by the fraudster. He also explores both the tactical and strategic approaches that you should adopt to help detect and reduce fraud, including detection techniques and the use of technology. He provides tactics for increasing your organization's resilience: increased transparency, appropriate governance, and engaging employees, customers and suppliers in more ethical work practices. If you are responsible for your organization's supply chain, or perhaps involved in audit, compliance or risk management, start using Detecting and Reducing Supply Chain Fraud and look more closely at every aspect of your supply chain, both internal and external. The savings made in fraud reduction, the increased resilience you will give all of your operations and the improved reputation that your business will enjoy, as a contract partner or amongst stakeholders, will repay your investment a hundred-fold.

Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientists present what has been accomplished thus far in developing acceptable alternatives to traditional animal toxicological assessment and provide potentially new initiatives.

In over 40 chapters, the book addresses 7 themes, beginning with the validation and regulatory acceptance of alternatives in the US, the UK, and Western Europe. Then the book covers methods based on the mechanisms of eye irritation at the ocular surface, dermal toxicity testing, and assessing neurotoxicity. It also includes a case study in the use of alternatives to determine the mechanism of sulfur mustard action and discusses the role of transgenics and toxicokinetics in the development of alternative toxicity tests. Finally the book presents recent innovations in alternatives, including the use of archival data, and in silico techniques.

Focusing on the science and not the politics, Alternative Toxicological Methods concisely discusses the application of state-of-the-art methods and explores cutting-edge research related to developing and validating alternatives to animal testing. This book will benefit toxicologists, cosmetic chemists, pharmacologists, experimental biologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, and regulatory officers in their quest for applying the 3Rs to the use of animals in toxicological testing of drug candidates, chemicals, and cosmetics.

Since the late 1970s a vast body of research has developed investigating the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around components in cement paste (for example, aggregates and fibres) where the microstructure of the paste is different than that of the bulk paste. This book addresses the need to resolve the ITZ's influence on engineering and durability characteristics of cementitious composites in order to identify what systems and which properties are affected by it, and to quantify these effects in order to prepare the base for engineering design tools. This volume presents the proceedings of the Second International RILEM Conference on the Interfacial Transition Zone in Cementious Composites, held in Haifa, Israel in 1998. The primary aim of the conference was to clarify the role of the ITZ on engineering properties (such as strength, rigiditty and ductility) and durability characteristics (related to interfacial reactions and diffusion and permeability). A wide variety of properties of actual cementitious systems are addressed, enhancing the understanding of the interfacial effects on properties of cementitious composities which are of practical significance.

Norman Katz has secured a top spot as one of the Top 50 Global Thought Leaders and Influencers on Supply Chain 2020. Even the largest companies find managing vendors a daunting task. If you get it wrong then you risk inadvertently penalizing potentially valuable suppliers with misguided, overly bureaucratic or costly processes. Worse the burdens placed on the vendors backfires on the customer entity itself as the customer is subjected to the increased operational costs of managing the ramifications of the ill-conceived or poorly implemented requirement through the vendor community, driving up its own operational costs and increasing frustrations for all, straining the customer-vendor relationship. Effective compliance programs balance the requirements with the capabilities of their suppliers, striving to educate instead of just inform. A well-run program should help vendors self-implement and control costs, not force vendors to rely on constant communication and increase costs for all trading partners involved. Successful Supply Chain Vendor Compliance explains the technical, process and cultural elements that go into a successful compliance program. Norman Katz exposes the weaknesses in traditional programs and identifies the characteristics of well-managed programs that foster beneficial trading partner relationships. He shows how a well-executed vendor compliance program can control and decrease costs by reducing disruptions throughout the supply chain, from the distribution center to the data center to the corporate office. Competition is fierce, and the right vendor can help you define a business model, react quickly to changes, and differentiate between you and your competitors. See the latest Forbes article on Abusive Compliance Practices!

Experiments in Nuclear Science is an introductory-level laboratory manual providing hands-on opportunities for developing insights into the origins and properties of nuclear radiations, their interactions with matter, their detection and measurement, and their applications in the physical and life sciences. Based on experiments successfully performed by hundreds of students at Rutgers University and the University of Wisconsin, this manual can be used as a stand-alone volume or alongside a textbook such as Introduction to Nuclear Science by Jeff C. Bryan.

Relevant to a range of courses

Each of the 32 exercises includes an overview of the scientific phenomenon, instructions for conducting the experiments and recording the data, directions for analyzing the data and reporting the results, specific questions relating to the experiments, and several problems relating to the scientific phenomena being investigated. Validated for safety and pedagogy in the undergraduate instructional laboratory, the exercises can be used in an undergraduate course in nuclear science. Individual exercises can also be adopted to demonstrate fundamental principles in a general science course as well as introductory biology and chemistry courses. Making use of off-the-shelf instrumentation, these exercises can be performed in a conventional laboratory under the supervision of an experienced instructor.

Applicable to numerous career fields

Demonstrating fundamental principles, the concepts explored through these experiments are relevant to a host of career opportunities, including those in the health sciences, the nuclear power industry, regulatory agencies, and waste management services.

Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth provides an annual examination of the major current research, theoretical and methodological efforts in the field of entrepreneurship and its related disciplines, including firm emergence and growth research. The Advances series also publishes papers from other fields, such as strategy, organizational behavior or sociology, that use entrepreneurial samples or make a contribution to entrepreneurial theory or research. It is a key source of articles-of-record for major concepts in the discipline of entrepreneurship. Volume 20, Reflections and Extensions on Key Papers of the First Twenty-Five Years of Advances, is the first in a two volume collection that celebrates the series' anniversary and embodies the idea of "past as prologue." This first volume showcases some of the most important and well-cited papers from the series including works by Dean Shepherd, Zach Zacharakis, and Connie Marie Gaglio. Reflections on their original works by each author as well as commentary by rising scholars of today are also included. The volume demonstrates the timelessness of the original classic works and demonstrates how they connect and energize leading-edge contemporary research in entrepreneurship today.

Contains an Open Access chapter. Recent estimates suggest that millions of people across the world are involved in some form of social venture creation. After over a decade of thoughtful scholarship on social entrepreneurship, researchers have now begun to examine individuals and organizations that purposefully combine social and economic outcomes. In Hybrid Ventures, leading researchers examine individuals and organizations that simultaneously attempt to pursue such bended value outcomes. Various perspectives on hybrid ventures are explored in this volume, including: the costs to all when some entrepreneurs do not pursue hybrid approaches, whether hybrid ventures are - or should be - the new norm, and whether the social, environmental, and economic value are distinct and should be separated from each other. This volume contains both theoretical and empirical approaches to hybrid venturing from an international group of researchers. Specific topics include: the emergence of Certified B Corporations, different hybrid business models, the role of impact investing, indigenous entrepreneurship, hybrid ventures as "agents of change," and more. For nearly two decades, the Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth series has provided an annual examination of the major current research, efforts in the field of entrepreneurship and Hybrid Ventures: Perspectives & Approaches to Blended Value Entrepreneurship continue in that tradition. This volume provides state-of-the-art research that helps set the foundation for inquiries into important research for the next decade and beyond.