Causal uncertainty is a wide-spread phenomenon. Courts are often unable to determine whether a defendant's tortious conduct was a factual cause of a plaintiff's harm. Yet, sometimes courts can determine the probability that the defendant caused the plaintiff's harm, although often there is considerable variance in the probability estimate based on the available evidence. The conventional way to cope with this uncertainty has been to apply the evidentiary rule of 'standard of proof'. The application of this 'all or nothing' rule can lead to unfairness by absolving defendants who acted tortiously and may also create undesirable incentives that result in greater wrongful conduct and injustice to victims. Some courts have decided that this 'no-liability' outcome is undesirable. They have adopted rules of proportional liability that compensate plaintiffs according to the probability that their harm was caused by the defendant's tortious conduct. In 2005 the Principles of European Tort Law (PETL) made a breakthrough in this regard by embracing rules of proportional liability. This project, building on PETL, endeavours to make further inquiries into the desirable scope of proportional liability and to offer a more detailed view of its meaning, implications, and ramifications.

The prevalence of hypertension is almost three times as high as that of diabetes mellitus type 2, with both conditions being major risk factors for stroke, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. The exact prevalence of hypertension related to hormonal derangements (endocrine hypertension) is not known but estimated to affect less than 15% of hypertensive patients. Recent scientific discoveries have increased the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypertension. In Endocrine Hypertension, a renowned panel of experts provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this disorder, discussing when to assign an endocrine cause in one of many conditions that may present with hypertension. The first part of Endocrine Hypertension is dedicated to adrenal causes. The second part of the volume concerns potential nonadrenal causes of hypertension, such as growth hormone excess or deficiency, primary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, testosterone deficiency, insulin resistance, obesity-associated hypertension, and the role of central mineralocorticoid receptors and cardiovascular disease. An important contribution to the literature, Endocrine Hypertension is an indispensable reference not only for endocrinologists, diabetologists, and adrenal investigators, but also for translational scientists and clinicians from cardiology, internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, geriatrics, urology, and reproductive medicine / gynecology.

Fun 5-minute drawing lessons for kids ages 6-12 Perfect for budding artists and kids who have never drawn before, this beginner drawing book will teach your kid how to draw cool things in no time! Author and professional artist Alli Koch's kid friendly, mini drawing lessons will help your child practice their basic art skills and teach them how to draw with confidence. This book is perfect for kids 8-12, but kids as young as 5 will be able to easily follow along as well. From cupcakes, to unicorns, to cars, and cats, your kid will be drawing all sorts of things that they'll want to show off to their friends, or color afterward and hang on their room! No experience required! Easy-to-Follow Instructions: Simple steps and diagrams from start to finish 42 Cool Projects: Learn how to draw an ice cream cone, fruit, castle, spaceship, cactus, airplane, animals, and so many more cute and cool things! Layflat Binding: Making it easier for kids to keep the book open as they follow along Perforated Pages and Premium Paper: Easily removable pages that are thick and sturdy 9 x 9 Size: Big pages so your kid has no problem seeing each step

Initiated by the European Commission, the first study published in this volume analyses the largely unresolved question as to how damage caused by artificial intelligence (AI) systems is allocated by the rules of tortious liability currently in force in the Member States of the European Union and in the United States, to examine whether - and if so, to what extent - national tort law regimes differ in that respect, and to identify possible gaps in the protection of injured parties. The second study offers guiding principles for safety and liability with regard to software, testing how the existing acquis needs to be adjusted in order to adequately cope with the risks posed by software and AI. The annex contains the final report of the New Technologies Formation of the Expert Group on Liability and New Technologies, assessing the extent to which existing liability schemes are adapted to the emerging market realities following the development of new digital technologies.

The debate about the use of genetically modified organisms in European agriculture is fuelled by the fear of the general public about potential risks of GM farming, whether substantiated or not. Transgenic food is suspected to cause bodily harm, have a negative impact upon the health of animals, weaken the productivity of conventional farmland, reduce biodiversity or otherwise deteriorate the environment, to name but a few dangers popping up in the public debate. Apart from setting standards for GM farming and requiring safety checks for transgenic products, all jurisdictions also provide for the case that such risks should materialize. These are not necessarily novel approaches - classic tort law already offers remedies for such losses. Sometimes these traditional solutions are enhanced or replaced by alternative redress schemes. This volume compares twenty European and four non-European jurisdictions in this respect and provides special analyses from an economic and insurance perspective as well as surveys of cross-border dispute resolution and international law.

Ten years after the first study published in this field by the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law, liability for medical malpractice is still a hot topic throughout Europe and it continues to expand and develop. In order to provide an update on the current situation across European legal systems, this book includes fourteen country reports authored by renowned experts from each legal system. In addition to providing a theoretical survey of key issues, each contributor also analyzed six hypotheticals based on actual cases, thereby also providing practical guidance on major aspects ofliability claims. A concluding comparative analysis highlights commonalities and differences in the liability rules employed, dispute resolution procedures and the insurance background.

The foundations of tort law in European legal systems differ considerably. Until recently, there was no attempt to harmonize the entire field of tort law in a consistent and comprehensive manner. A group of tort law experts, the 'European Group on Tort Law', is currently engaged in systematically researching the most fundamental questions underlying the various tort law systems. The result of their work is this important series of books, which seeks a common law of Europe without the need to lay these principles down in formal legal texts, such as a European civil code. In this volume, the authors provide an overview of strict liability and its importance in establishing such liability under their respective national tort law system. The concept of strict liability is further examined in an analysis of actual cases. This volume also contains an economic analysis of this area of tort law as well as a comparative report which summarizes and compares the most important elements identified by the individual country reports. In summary, this volume tries to show the common grounds of strict liability in the various legal systems under examination. In addition, it provides the academic and the practitioner with the fundamental issues of strict liability in the countries covered.

The prevalence of hypertension is almost three times as high as that of diabetes mellitus type 2, with both conditions being major risk factors for stroke, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. The exact prevalence of hypertension related to hormonal derangements (endocrine hypertension) is not known but estimated to affect less than 15% of hypertensive patients. Recent scientific discoveries have increased the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypertension. In Endocrine Hypertension, a renowned panel of experts provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this disorder, discussing when to assign an endocrine cause in one of many conditions that may present with hypertension. The first part of Endocrine Hypertension is dedicated to adrenal causes. The second part of the volume concerns potential nonadrenal causes of hypertension, such as growth hormone excess or deficiency, primary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, testosterone deficiency, insulin resistance, obesity-associated hypertension, and the role of central mineralocorticoid receptors and cardiovascular disease. An important contribution to the literature, Endocrine Hypertension is an indispensable reference not only for endocrinologists, diabetologists, and adrenal investigators, but also for translational scientists and clinicians from cardiology, internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, geriatrics, urology, and reproductive medicine / gynecology.

Die jahrlich erscheinende Reihe bietet eine praxisbezogene Fort- und Weiterbildung speziell fur den niedergelassenen HNO-Arzt und den Klinikassistenten. Die Themen werden so gewahlt, dass in regelmassigem Turnus alle fur die HNO-Praxis wichtigen Bereiche je nach Aktualitat abgehandelt werden. Der HNO-Arzt kann sich mit dieser Reihe eine komprimierte und standig aktuelle Bibliothek der praktischen HNO-Heilkunde aufbauen, die ihm modernes Fachwissen und das noetige "Know-how" vermittelt. Die Reihenherausgeber verfolgen mit unverandertem Bemuhen das Ziel, praxisrelevante Themen ausfuhrlicher vorzustellen, als dies in einer Zeitschrift moeglich ist. Band 14 behandelt die Themen Otosklerosechirurgie, Meniere-Diagnostik, Nachbehandlung nach Ohroperationen, Nasenbluten, Klinik des pharyngooesophagealen UEberganges, Halsfisteln und -zysten, Stoerungen der Singstimme sowie knochenverankerte Epithesen und Hoergerate. Die praxisbezogene Fragensammlung bietet eine gute Moeglichkeit zur Selbstkontrolle.

Die j{hrlich erscheinende Reihe bietet eine praxisbezogene Fort- und Weiterbildung speziell f}r den niedergelassenen HNO-Arzt und den Klinikassistenten. Die Themen werden so gew{hlt, da~ in regelm{~igem Turnus alle f}r die HNO-Praxis wichtigen Bereiche je nach Aktualit{t abgehandelt werden. Der HNO-Arzt kann sich mit dieser Reihe eine komprimierte und st{ndig aktuelle Bibliothek der praktischen HNO- Heilkunde aufbauen, die ihmmodernes Fachwissen und das n|tige "know-how" vermittelt. Die Reihenherausgeber verfolgen mit unver{ndertem Bem}hen das Ziel, praxisrelevante Themen ausf}hrlicher, als dies in einer Zeitschrift m|glich ist, vorzustellen. Band 12 enth{lt wieder eine Vielfalt an Beitr{gen, in denen Themen aus den Bereichen Otologie-Rhinologie, Mundh|hle, Phoniatrie sowie allgemeine Themen er|rtert werden. Die praxisbezogene Fragensammlung bietet eine gute M|glichkeit zur Selbstkontrolle.

Der 11. Band dieser beliebten Reihe erfuhr durch die Tatsa- che, da~ er erstmals in ganz Deutschland erh{ltlich sein wird, besondere Bem}hungen. Thematisch werden hier Verlet- zungen im Ohren- und Luftr|hrenbereich, Halsschwellungen, die Otitis externa und Fortschritte aus verschiedenen dia- gnostischen und therapeutischen Verfahren in der HNO-Heil- kunde behandelt.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Die Ritterburgen Und Bergschlosser Im Konigreiche Wurttemberg, Volume 1; Die Ritterburgen Und Bergschlosser Im Konigreiche Wurttemberg; A. Koch A. Koch Richter, 1828

Step inside my world as a physically abused child by my Irish drunken father. His weapon of choice was his belt. My father had five children, and he beat all of us. Glance through my eyes and experience my own disappoinment, my fears, my constant worry, and my shame going to school everyday feeling embarrassed due to my old man's crazy behavior. Is tonight going to be another night of beatings or will my father leave us again with no money at all? Walk thru my childhood days and understand how I managed it, how I survived it, what I tried to do to stop it and how I feel about it today, as a 55 year old grandmother.

Die jahrlich erscheinende Reihe bietet praxisbezogene Fort- und Weiterbildung speziell fur den niedergelassenen Arzt und den Klinikassistenten - aktuell, informativ und in erstklassiger didaktischer Aufbereitung. In regelmassigem Turnus werden alle fur die HNO-Praxis wichtigen Bereiche je nach Aktualitat behandelt. Der neue Band 16 umfasst wieder ein breitgefachertes Themenspektrum, u.a. zum Bereich Tumore. Dieser Band erscheint erstmals mit zweifarbiger Innengestaltung, die den Praxisbezug der Reihe noch starker hervorhebt. Der HNO-Arzt kann sich mit dieser Reihe eine komprimierte und standig aktuelle Bibliothek aufbauen, die ihm das sichere Know-how der praktischen HNO-Heilkunde vermittelt.