Rice is staple food for more than half of the world population but the pest insects play havoc with the crop and in case of severe infestation failure of the crop occurs. Amongst these notorious insect pests, leaffolder and stem borer attained their peak occurrence in September while whitebacked planthopper, green leafhopper and white leafhopper in October. However, the maximum and minimum temperature (except stem borer having positive effect) and rainfall (except green leafhopper having positive effect) were proved vital for bringing a change in the population of green leafhopper, leaffolder, stem borer, whitebacked planthopper and white leafhopper. Similarly, relative humidity has shown a positive response on their population. Curaterr 3G @ 10 kg/ acre gave effective control of leaffolder who attained the economic threshold level of 4 larvae/ hill than Asomido 60SL @ 400 ml/ acre under the calendar-based schedule as compared to need-based control with more yield and better cost-benefit ratio (1:5.53). The present findings will be helpful in understanding the behavior of the captioned insect pests in relation to their environment and ultimately their control.

In agricultural habitat 10 bumblebee species were recorded; of which 68.62% bumblebees were dominated by five species. However, in non-agricultural habitat 13 bumblebee species were recorded and more than 50% bumblebees were dominated by four species. Significant variations were observed in the species richness of non-agricultural habitat but none in case of abundance at habitat level. However, same was true in case of non-cropped area as compared to cropped area in agricultural habitat which reflected the importance of non-cropped area as a refuge area for the development of bumblebee colonies which ultimately play a vital role in the pollination of crops, increasing their quality and quantity. Trifolium alexandrinum. Medicago sativa and Solanum tuberosum were visited by all bumblebee species in the cropped area. Forage species separated in to two conspicuous groups depending upon their utilization by bumblebees as a short and long tongued bumblebees. Long tongued bumblebees were only attracted to Ranunculus sp., Raphanus raphanistrum, Centaurea cyanus, Prunella vulgaris, Cana indica, Stachys spp., Cirsium sp., Trifolium pretense, Delphinium brunonianum and Lonicera periclymenum.